Ultraviolet and visible spectra of the symbiotic nova RR Telescopii are used to derive reference wavelengths for many forbidden and intercombination transitions of ions +1 to +6 of elements C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, and Ca. The wavelengths are then used to determine new energy values for the levels within the ions' ground configurations or first excited configuration. The spectra were recorded by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph of the Hubble Space Telescope and the Ultraviolet Echelle Spectrograph of the European Southern Observatory in 2000 and 1999, respectively, and cover 1140-6915 Å. Particular care was taken to assess the accuracy of the wavelength scale between the two instruments. An investigation of the profiles of the emission lines reveals that the nebula consists of at least two plasma components at different velocities. The components have different densities, and a simple model of the lines' emissions demonstrates that most of the lines principally arise from the high density component. Only these lines were used for the wavelength study.

The deuterium experiment with various source plasma diagnostics was conducted at the research and development negative ion source at National Institute for Fusion Science, which is a cesium-seeded large-scale negative hydrogen-ion source with half discharge volume and the same type of ion source for large helical device. A change of filling gas from hydrogen to deuterium increased line-averaged negative ion density by a factor of 1.3 in beam extraction region as a result of flattened profile with keeping central density. Positive ion and electron densities increased threefold. This was influenced by the increase of plasma density in the plasma generation region. The plasma space potential varied as equivalent of the collisionless sheath theory in electro-positive plasma expected by the hydrogen isotope gas species, although the negative ion could affect sheath formation. Higher atomic cesium density was observed because of higher sputtering yield due to higher momentum of deuterium.

Second deuterium operation of the negative ion based neutral beam injector (N-NBI) was performed in 2018 in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The electron and the ion current ratio improves to I e /I acc(D) = 0.31 using the short extraction gap distance of 7 mm between the plasma grid (PG) and the extraction grid (EG). The strength of the magnetic field by the electron deflection magnet (EDM) installed in the EG increases 17% at the PG ingress surface, which effectively reduces electron component in the negative ion rich plasma in the vicinity of PG apertures. The reduction of the electron current made it possible to operate a high power arc discharge and beam extraction. Then the deuterium negative ion current increases to 55.4 A with the averaged current density of 233 A/m 2 . The thermal load on the extraction grid using 7 mm gap distance is 0.6 times smaller than the thermal load using 8 mm gap caused by the reduction of co-extracted electron current. The injection beam power increases to 2.9 MW in the beam line BL3, and the total beam injection power increases to 7 MW by three beam lines in the second deuterium campaign.

Density distributions of negative hydrogen (H−) ions and negative deuterium (D−) ions were measured with the laser photodetachment method in the extraction region of the negative ion source. The distribution of H− ion density peaks at the center of the ion source, while that of the D− ion shows a flatter profile in the direction parallel to the plasma grid. The positive ion densities of hydrogen and deuterium estimated from the positive saturation current indicate similar profiles with different amounts close to the grid. The difference in the H− ion and D− ion distributions can be explained by the difference in the negative ion yield and the survival probability of the ions due to the isotope effect.

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