The underground laboratory "Felsenkeller" is located within a horizontal cave in syenite rock formerly used by a brewery. 98% of cosmic muons are shielded by the 47 m thick rock layer. A new measuring chamber inside the cave is shielded by different layers of steel and lead with a total specific surface density of 210 g.cm 2. The advantage of the underground measurements has been demonstrated with examples of y-spectrometry of fine grain fractions of river sediments, of materials from an uranium mining stock pile, of water samples (directly and after chemical separation), with the determination of radiochemically isolated nuclides in leached solutions from soil, and of actinides in water from a fuel element storage vessel.

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