Hingula, very well known as Cinnabar, is a chief ore of Mercury. It is available as natural ore and is also prepared artificially. While there are other ores of mercury, Hingula is considered to be the best ore, and Hingulottha Paarada is said to be equal to properties of Ashta Samskarita Paarada. An effort is made hereby to compile all the information related Hingula including its Historical aspect, origin, synonyms, classification according to different texts, artificial preparation of Hingula, Grahya Lakshana, complications caused due to Ashuddh Hingula sevan and its Chikitsa, Shodhan and Marana of Hingula, Extraction of parade from Hingula and its superiority over other types of Parada, Rasa Panchaka and Upyoga of Hingula. This paper also covers the Bio-medical counterpart of Hingula i.e. Cinnabar including its varieties, mineralogical characters and chemical properties.

India stands 27th in rank with 25.8% of death rate due to Liver diseases in 2016. In spite of scientific advancement in the field of Hepatology, Bio-medical science is clueless in finding out an effective drug against Hepatic Disorders. Detailed description on liver disorders and their management are given by all the three prominent Acharyas of Ayurveda. Rasa Bhasma is one such preparation that can be used to treat Hepatic Disorders. In present work an attempt has been made to evaluate the efficacy of Rasa Bhasma in the management of liver disorders. 24 animals were allocated into 4 groups having six animals in each group namely Group I (Normal/Control), Group II (Intoxicated Control) Toxicated Group, Group III (lower dose of Rasa Bhasma) and Group IV (Higher dose of Rasa Bhasma). All the four group were assessed for various biochemical Parameters viz. Alkaline phosphatase, SGOT (Serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase)/AST, SGPT (Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase)/ALT, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin and Total Proteins. Finally, the animals from all the four groups were sacrificed for Histo-pathological studies. The results were expressed as mean ± SE and One way ANOVA by using statistical software SPSS version 16.0. Results revealed that the values of Group 4 are closer to the Normal Group1 than Group 3 meaning Rasa Bhasma in Higher dose is more effective than that in lower dose. Therefore, it can be concluded that Rasa Bhasma is a potent Herbo-mineral formulation for protection of hepatic cells.

Among various branches of Ayurveda, Rasashastra is an important branch known for its various formulations called as Rasaushadhi (Mineral or Herbo-mineral medicines). According to various classics of Ayurveda, some Pathyapathya (Wholesome and unwholesome diet / regime) are explained which should be followed during the Rasasevanakala (period of consuming Mercurial Preparation). The group of fruits and vegetables which are advocated as Apathya (unwholesome diet) during the Rasasevanakala is known as Kakaradi Gana. In some texts, eight number of such dravyas are mentioned and this group is known as Kakarashtaka Gana. The total number of drugs mentioned under the Kakaradi Gana in various classics are different. These Kakaradi gana drugs also has other utility in the Rasashastra other than unwholesome regime. Here an attempt has been made to compile the Kakaradi gana, Kakarashtaka gana with Probable rationale behind elucidation of these gana and significance of these ganas are also discussed here.

Introduction- As Acharya Charaka has explained the local application of Kshirivruksha Twak to cure all types of keeta visha, hence Nyagrodh (Ficus benghalensis L.) Twak Lepa with water as base is selected as Trial drug on Apis Cerana Indica bee sting poisoning. Material and Methods- An in-vivo study on albino mice to know the efficacy of trial drug has been planned after animal ethical clearance. 18 albino mice were prorated into three groups with 6 animals in each group viz. Control group, Trial drug (Nyagrodh Twak Lepa Churna) group and Standard drug (Beclomethasone Dipropionate 0.025% w/w) group. 6 stings were given to each mice and 3 stings were removed after sting operation. All mice were observed for allergic reactions viz. erythema, scaling, fissures, oedema and mortality for a period of 7 days. Histo-pathological changes were also noted after completion of study. Statistical analysis was done using Paired t test. Results- Results revealed that Trial drug had worked more efficiently on Erythema and Oedema while Standard drug worked more efficiently on Scaling and Fissure. Histo-pathology showed that wound healed with Nyagrodh twak lepa and Standard drug have shown almost similar changes while wound in control group showed extensive areas of necrosis. Conclusion- Present study suggests that both Nyagrodh and Beclomethasone can be used in Honey bee sting poisoning but as Nyagrodh being a religious tree can be easily identified by a common man, it can be employed as preliminary treatment for the same before reaching hospital.