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The present study indicates that the HLA susceptibility to type 1 AIH in the different populations studied is complex.

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In India, GI tract cancer is one of the ten leading cancers. Among Indian males it stands second to oral cancer and in females, it shares the third place. Most common malignant disorder of GIT is seen in our country that of liver, bile, gall bladder, pancreas, bile-duct and colorectal. Aim: To see the significance of tumour markers in gall bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: This study comprise 225 cases of GI tract cancers was carried for more than two years. Of these, 22 subjects had gallbladder cancer. Tumour markers viz. CA19-9, CEA and AFP were assayed pre and post-operative cases and their role in gallbladder cancer was evaluated. Results: It was observed that serum concentration of CA 19-9 increased with advancing stage, but the same is not true for AFP and CEA. Sensitivity of these markers AFP, CA 19-9 and CEA in the detection of gall bladder cancer was determined. CA 19-9 is the most sensitive of all the three tumour markers in the detection of gall bladder cancer. Conclusion: The combination of CA19-9 and CT (or US) is a reasonable, cost-effective, noninvasive approach to establishing the diagnosis of pancreatic, cholangitic, or biliary cancer in nonicteric patients.

Indian population is well known for its genetic diversity. Among the numerous endogamous communities, which are restricted very much by custom, marriage and occupation we have collected 195 unrelated individuals, belonging to Marathi, Gujarathi, Punjabi, South Indian, Christian and Muslim population groups. We present here the HLA-A, B, and C locus antigen distribution of these population groups compared with each other. The HLA antigens were identified by using the standard complement mediated NIH microlymphocytotoxicity assay. The results revealed that HLA A1, A2, A3, A11, A24, B5, B35, B40, B44, Cw4 and Cw7 were the most frequent alleles while HLA A28, A36, A69, B14, B16, B38, Cw2 and Cw8 were the less frequent alleles represented in all the populations studied. Further, HLAA30, A36, A69, B50 and B55 alleles were observed among the Punjabis, A29 and B62 among the Gujarathi population, High frequencies of HLAB5 and Cw4 among the South Indians as well as rare allelic splits like A23 among the amalgamated Christians were also observed. The study reveals that the population or caste groups in India cannot be considered as a single panmictic population with reference to HLA genetic characteristics, which may have a clinical relevance in unrelated donor selection for allogenic bone marrow transplantation in India.