Objective: Goal of this study is to investigate the effects of carvedilol (5 mg/kg, p.o), aqueous and methanolic extract of Curcuma longa (500mg/kg, p.o) against cisplatin induced renal damage in Wistar rats after a single intraperitoneal injection of 7.5mg -1 . Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=10). Rats in group I were normal control received normal saline (5 ml/kg; i. p.) on day zero, while group VIa and VIb were vehicle control, received carboxymethyl cellulose (2.5 ml/kg; p.o.) and propylene glycole (2.5 ml/kg, p.o.) respectively from day 3 to 17. Renal toxicity was induced in rats of group II, III, IV and V by a single administration of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg; i. p.) on day zero. Rats in group III, IV and V received a daily dose of carvedilol (5 mg/kg; p.o.), aqueous and methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa (500 mg/kg; p.o.) respectively from day 3 to 17, while group II served as cisplatin control.Results: Post treated rats with carvedilol and aqueous and methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa for 15 days significantly increased body weight, decreased cisplatin induced abnormalities and mortality and decreased all the kidney marker such as serum urea nitrogen (SUN), serum creatinine (SCr), total proteins (TP), and uric acid (UA) increased by cisplatin, however, no appreciable improvement in hematological parameters were observed when compared with cisplatin control. Conclusion:The results are indicative of nephroprotective effects of carvedilol as well as aqueous and methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa.

Background: Subacute ruminal acidosis is one of the most important nutritional diseases in cattle. The consequence of feeding excessive amounts of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates in conjunction with inadequate fiber to ruminants leads to subacute ruminal acidosis. Cattles are at a high risk of developing SARA. The present research work was undertaken to study haemato-biochemical alterations in SARA affected cattle treated with different treatment regimens. Methods: Present work was done to study the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate powder, Azadirachta indica (Neem) dried leaves powder and Saccharomyces cervisiae (Yeast) in sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in cattle. Out of 148 cattle screened, 24 (16.22%) were diagnosed as SARA, 13 (56.52%) animals were in mid stage of lactation followed by early and late lactation (5 cases, 21.74% each).Result: After sodium bicarbonate treatment, animals showed changes in various haemato-biochemical parameters. However decreased neutrophils and ALT was also observed. After treatment of Azadirachta indica reduction in lymphocyte and eosinophil count was seen.

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) an emerging part of nanomedicine holds great promise for revolutionizing medical treatments and therapies in areas such as imaging, drug delivery, faster diagnosis, and tissue regeneration, as well as the development of new medical products. But their safety assessment is a major concern. As body system reacts in a different way than isolated cell line than artificial environment, so in the present experiment pathomorphological assessment ofsub-acute dermal toxicity of green synthesized GNPs and coating with Morinda citrifolia fruit extract (McFE) was undertaken. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by biological reduction of chloroauric acid with Azadirachta indica (neem) 5% leaf extract. The nanoparticles characterized and were confirmed by colour changes from pale yellow to ruby red. These nanoparticles were coated with McFE.For toxicity evaluation.50 Wistar rats of either sex were assigned to five groups. One group was considered healthy, three groups received dermal application of combination of 1 mg/kg GNPs with 150mg/kg McFE (Low dose), 2mg/kg GNPs with 300mg/kg McFE (Medium dose) and 4 mg/kg GNPs with 600mg/kg McFE (High dose) dermal application for 28 days. The last group was considered as satellite group which received 8 mg/kg GNPs with 1200 mg/kg McFE and observed for extra 14 day beyond trial period for checking post withdrawal effect. Grossly mild hemorrhages, congestion and architectural alteration were observed in liver and kidney treated with highest dose. However the histopathological examination of skin revealed no alteration in skin architecture but minimal alterations were observed in liver and kidney where major changes like dilatation of central vein and sinusoidal space, multifocal necrobiotic changes and focal fatty change in liver and cystic degeneration and hyaline cast in lumen of kidney noticed indicating proper absorption and excretion of GNPs from body. K e y w o r d sSub-acute dermal toxicity, Morinda citrifolia, Pathomorphology in dermal toxicity, Gold Nano particles.

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