Background: Post-extraction alveolar bone height and width never reach the same dimensions as before extraction. A combination of propolis extracts and bovine bone graft (BBG) that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, osteoinductive and osteconductive is expected to improve bone regeneration. Purpose: Knowing the effect of the combination of propolis extracts and BBG on the number of osteoclast and osteoblast as an effort to preserve the socket after extraction of Cavia cobaya teeth. Methods: 56 Cavia cobaya was divided into eight groups: the lower left incisor was extracted, and the socket was filled with 2% poly ethylene glycol (PEG), propolis extract+PEG, BBG+PEG, and a combination of propolis extract+BBG+PEG. The incisors socket of animals models were executed on the 14th and 30th days. Using HE for histopathological examination, the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were counted with a 400x magnification light microscope with nine visual fields. The data were analysed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: The highest mean number of osteoclasts occurred in the BBG+PEG 14th day group and the lowest occurred in the propolis extract+BBG+PEG 14th day group. The highest mean number of osteoblasts occurred in the propolis + BBG + PEG combination 30th day group, the lowest occurred in the control group (PEG) on the 14th day. Conclusion: The 2% combination of propolis extracts and BBG effectively reduces the osteoclast number and increases the osteoblast number in preserving the socket after extracting Cavia cobaya teeth.

Background: Preservation of sockets is a procedure aimed to reduce bone resorption after tooth extraction. One of the most commonly used xenograft materials is demineralized freeze-dried bone bovine xenograft (DFDBBX). Meanwhile, one of the key regulations in osteoclast genesis process is RANKL bond. A decrease in the number of RANKL expressions can suppress the osteoclast genesis process so that bone resorption can be prevented. The combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX, as a result, is expected to decrease the number of RANKL. Purpose: This study aimed to measure RANKL expressions in tooth extraction socket treated with Moringa leaf extract combined with DFDBBX. Methods: Fifty six Cavia cobaya rats were divided into eight groups. The first group was a control group with PEG administration onto their extraction sockets. The second group was a treatment group with DFDBBX administration. The third group was a treatment group with Moringa leaf extract administration. The fourth group was a treatment group induced with a combination of DFDBBX and Moringa leaf extract. Examination then was performed on days 7 and 30. After 7 and 30 days, those Cavia cobaya rats were executed and tested with immunohistochemical techniques. Further research data collected then were tested with one-way ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences between the control group and the groups induced with the combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX. On days 7 and 30, the groups induced with the combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX had the lowest number of RANKL expressions. Conclusion: The combination of Moringa leaf extract and DFDBBX can decrease the number of RANKL expressions in Cavia cobaya rats on the day 7 and day 30 after tooth extraction.

Background: Tooth extraction is a common procedure in dentistry after which the residual ridge will no longer receive stimulus leading to volume, height and width loss. These anatomical changes can then result in difficulties with future denture fabrication and implant placement. Preservation of the alveolar ridge, therefore, assumes considerable importance after tooth extraction. Moringa oleifera, on the other hand, can enhance bone formation. Type-1 collagen is a marker of osteoblast formation. Purpose: This research aimed to analyze the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract combined with DFBBX on type-1 collagen expressions in tooth extraction sockets. Methods: 56 Cavia cobaya subjects were divided into eight groups. Their lower left incisors were then extracted prior to the sockets of the first and fifth groups being filled with PEG, those of the second and sixth groups with DFBBX, those of the third and seventh groups with Moringa oleifera leaf extract and a combination of DFBBX and Moringa oleifera leaf extract in those of the fourth and eighth groups. The sockets were then examined on days 7 and 30 by means of an immunohistochemical technique. The data collected was subsequently subjected to analysis by One Way Anova and Tukey HSD tests. Results: There were significant differences between the control group and the treatment group administrated with Moringa oleifera leaf extract combined with DFBBX. On days 7 and 30, the groups treated with the combination of DFBBX and Moringa oleifera leaf extract had the highest number of type-1 collagen expressions. Conclusion: A combination of DFBBX and Moringa oleifera leaf extract is effective in increasing type-1 collagen expressions in tooth extraction sockets.