Rad koji se nalazi pred nama tematizira neke osnovne ideje Newmanovog poimanja sveučilišta s posebnim naglaskom na odnos sveučilišta i intelektualnog razvoja pojedinca. Newman je bio mišljenja da sveučilišno obrazovanje može pojedincu ponuditi određenu formaciju intelektualnih sposobnosti koje druga vrsta obrazovanja ne nudi. Razlog tome nalazi u specifičnosti sveučilišta kao mjesta u kojem se osoba ima priliku susresti s raznim znanostima i znanstvenim teorijama, od kojih svaka nudi samo jedan aspekt stvarnosti, te ujedinjujući što je moguće više tih vidova, pojedinac ima priliku stvoriti obuhvatniju sliku stvarnosti od one koju bi imao da se bavi isključivo jednom znanošću. Znanje koje je nužno vezano za istinu, za Newman predstavlja objekt i vrhunac dostignuća ljudskoga razuma, te bogati spoznajni život koji omogućuje ne samo savršeniji način postojanja osobe, nego pozitivno djeluje i na društvo u kojem se takav pojedinac nalazi. Ključne riječi: kultivacija razuma, Newman, sveučilište, univerzalno znanje, znanstveni instituti/društva Uvod Kao što sam naslov kaže, tema rada je Newmanovo shvaćanje sveučilišta kao mjesta formacije intelekta, te ćemo se u njemu primarno fokusirati na temu odnosa sveučilišnog obrazovanja i razvoja razuma. Uz to ćemo još obraditi razliku između sveučilišta i instituta/ znanstvenog društva, te međusobni odnos različitih znanosti koje su ujedinjene pod istim sveučilištem, s ciljem što boljeg uočavanja specifičnog utjecaja kojeg sveučilište može imati na oblikovanje ljudskog intelektualnog života. Razlog zbog kojeg smo izabrali Newmanovu teoriju visokoškolskog obrazovanja utemeljen je utjecaju kojeg je Newman izvršio na europsko i sjeverno-američko poimanje sveučilišta. Potvrdu toga nalazimo u mnogobrojnosti studija koje su posvećene spomenutoj temi, te činjenici da su čak osnovana sveučilišta i koledži koji su utemeljeni

The epidemic of the COVID-19 disease presented a great threat to the public health. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is still spreading on a global level, so the accurate global number of the infected or deceased from the COVID-19 disease is yet to be estimated or correctly counted. The nurses have always played a great role in the prevention and control of infections, isolations and public health protection. The nurses' work during the COVID-19 epidemic has created a history of nursing. Nurses have been on the front line of defense from the SARSCov-2 virus for over a year now and many of them are already on the edge of endurance, both mentally and physically. The professional security is the key for the work of nurses who are facing the danger of infection on a daily basis. The aim of this paper is to show the actions and measures taken by the nurses in Republika Srpska that could help in the decrease of the global transmission of the infection. Compared with some European countries and their fight with the epidemic, Republika Srpska has maintained the number of confirmed cases on a level which can be controlled. The prevention measures are the only thing that can stop the spread of this new infectious disease. In our biggest healthcare institution of a tertiary level, a large number of COVID procedures for nurses and other healthcare workers have been released. Nurses are, together with other healthcare professionals, actively involved in the interventions around the COVID-19 and will be one of the key factors that will stop the pandemic.

Introduction. Assessment of the occupational risk of exposure to the new coronavirus of workers engaged in the COVID-19 Departments of the University Clinical Center of Republic of Srpska and the use of personal protective equipment was the aim of this research. Method. In the University Clinical Center of Republic of Srpska (UKC RS), in the COVID-19 Departments, a KAP study (Knowledge Attitudes Practice Study) was conducted among 102 employees of all educational profiles, using the questionnaire of the World Health Organization (WHO), which was adapted for this research. The survey was voluntary and anonymous with the informed approval consent of the respondent. Results. Out of 102 surveyed, 13 of them tested positive for SARSCoV-2. On average, 95.0% of respondents always wear PPE in the COVID-19 Departments of the UKC RS. Putting on/removing PPE and decontamination of contact surfaces have been always carried out by 88.2% of respondents. Out of 64 respondents who used PPE for aerosol generating procedures, 10 of them (15.6%) were positive for SARSCoV-2 and of the other 38 respondents who did not participate in such procedures, three of them (7.9%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Statistical data processing was done in the SPSS program package, version 20.0, with a significance level of difference of 5% (p=0.412). Conclusion. There was no significant difference between SARSCoV-2 positive and negative personnel regarding the use and change of PPE, hand hygiene and surface decontamination. The assessment of the occupational risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, in addition to the proper use of PPE, takes into account the local epidemiological situation, specific characteristics of the work environment and tasks, the hierarchy of controls and the level of adherence to preventive measures and infection control.

Introduction: Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are at higher risk of infections due to invasive procedures and antibiotic therapy. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria represent a global problem, limiting the choice of antimicrobial therapy. Objective: To determine the rate of infections in ICUs, as well as the type of MDR bacteria associated with such infections. Material and methods: The study included strains of MDR bacteria isolated from laboratory samples of hospitalized patients in surgical ICUs in a one-year period. All strains of MDR bacteria were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods for aerobic bacteria according to the recommendations and guidelines are given by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: Infections caused by MDR bacterial isolates were confirmed in 199 (19.17%) patients in ICUs. The frequency of Gram-negative isolates was significantly higher than Gram-positive (88.35% and 11.65%, p <0.001). The most common infections in ICUs caused by MDR bacteria were respiratory tract infections (49%), followed by soft tissue and skin infections. The CDI incidence density 1.13 cases/10,000 patient-days. Conclusion: A high frequency of infections caused by MDR bacteria was found with patients in ICUs, and respiratory tract infections dominated. Information on the types of infections and pathogens can help develop policies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and resource allocation.