In the climate of European Russia, there are significant changes: before the year 2010, the tendency of warm period temperature to drop with a simultaneous increase in precipitation was dominated but nowadays it is dominated a reverse trend to increase average and maximum temperatures, decrease in precipitation, and increase in the number of sunny days. This creates the most favourable conditions for the development of phytoplankton and zooplankton consuming it. Our research exemplified by the Uchinsky Reservoir has established that since 2010 the number of phytoplankton has been increasing multiply with the development of blue-green algae at the end of the warm period, and it adversely affects the quality of water, leading to the development of eutrophication processes. The factors limiting the number of phytoplankton are the development of zooplankton and almost total consumption of ammonium nitrogen by phytoplankton. To manage the development of phytoplankton due to the most favourable climate conditions, a set of measures is required to reduce the intake of biogenic elements into the water of the Reservoir.

One of the most important water quality indicators is the heavy metals content. Heavy metals (HMs) are one of the top pollutants in the list because even very small concentrations of them are highly toxic. The peculiarity of HMs as pollutants is also that there is practically no bio-degradation for them – they only move from one natural reservoir to another, interacting with living organisms and leaving traces of this interaction. Moving from one link of the trophic chain of ecosystems to another, they gradually concentrate in the master links of food chains, as well as in bottom deposits (BD). In particular, HMs can take a long time to gain a foothold in the root stalks of perennial aquatic plants. Excess of their content over the background values in the conditions of the Moscow region is a purely anthropogenic factor. Sources of environmental input can be any activity types: industry, agriculture, motor transport. However, the analysis of the heavy metals input in territories differently located about heat power engineering and oil refining facilities, allows us to assert that the main source is emissions through high pipes of enterprises of ash residues, while there are multiple exceedances of MAC in soils and surface waters, close to the pollution source. As you move away from the pollution sources, the content of HMs in snow, water, soil, and bottom deposits decreases significantly and tends to change over the years, which is associated with changes in the air-mass transport within the region.

The article considers the structure, composition and condition of trees and shrubs in the eastern part of the forest park in Moscow region. It is shown that in the process of use and recreation, new species of plants are introduced in the territory, including those capable of natural distribution in these natural and climatic conditions. Due to biological characteristics, some species such as white maple or cerapadus are able to actively spread and replace local species.

No abstract

Ecological geochemical research of water protection areas was held in Moscow region. Precipitation (snow) is known to influence the formation of water chemical structure and determine geochemical effect. It shows the results of snow research in water protection area of Uchinsk and Pestovo reservoirs in order to find out the sources of pollution, to assess water quality and work out the recommendations to reduce and eliminate the sources of pollution. The article gives the evaluation of water quality depending on waterflow from the catchment area and various temporary flows. It shows the influence of excessive use of fertilizers on water quality (especially in spring) which leads to eutrophication processes and worsens the quality of water.