By using the ATLAS detector, observations have been made of a centrality-dependent dijet asymmetry in the collisions of lead ions at the Large Hadron Collider. In a sample of lead-lead events with a per-nucleon center of mass energy of 2.76 TeV, selected with a minimum bias trigger, jets are reconstructed in fine-grained, longitudinally segmented electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters. The transverse energies of dijets in opposite hemispheres are observed to become systematically more unbalanced with increasing event centrality leading to a large number of events which contain highly asymmetric dijets. This is the first observation of an enhancement of events with such large dijet asymmetries, not observed in proton-proton collisions, which may point to an interpretation in terms of strong jet energy loss in a hot, dense medium.

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δø) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in sqrt[s(NN)] = 5.02 TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1 μb(-1) of data as a function of transverse momentum (p(T)) and the transverse energy (ΣE(T)(Pb)) summed over 3.1 < η < 4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2 < |Δ η | < 5) "near-side" (Δø ~ 0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣE(T)(Pb). A long-range "away-side" (Δø ~ π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣE(T)(Pb), is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δø) and ΣE(T)(Pb) dependence. The resultant Δø correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos2Δø modulation for all ΣE(T)(Pb) ranges and particle p(T).

ATLAS has measured two-particle correlations as a function of the relative azimuthal angle, Δϕ, and pseudorapidity, Δη, in ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 13 and 2.76 TeV pp collisions at the LHC using charged particles measured in the pseudorapidity interval jηj < 2.5. The correlation functions evaluated in different intervals of measured charged-particle multiplicity show a multiplicity-dependent enhancement at Δϕ ∼ 0 that extends over a wide range of Δη, which has been referred to as the "ridge." Per-trigger-particle yields, YðΔϕÞ, are measured over 2 < jΔηj < 5. For both collision energies, the YðΔϕÞ distribution in all multiplicity intervals is found to be consistent with a linear combination of the per-trigger-particle yields measured in collisions with less than 20 reconstructed tracks, and a constant combinatoric contribution modulated by cos ð2ΔϕÞ. The fitted Fourier coefficient, v 2;2 , exhibits factorization, suggesting that the ridge results from per-event cos ð2ϕÞ modulation of the single-particle distribution with Fourier coefficients v 2 . The v 2 values are presented as a function of multiplicity and transverse momentum. They are found to be approximately constant as a function of multiplicity and to have a p T dependence similar to that measured in p þ Pb and Pb þ Pb collisions. The v 2 values in the 13 and 2.76 TeV data are consistent within uncertainties. These results suggest that the ridge in pp collisions arises from the same or similar underlying physics as observed in p þ Pb collisions, and that the dynamics responsible for the ridge has no strong ffiffi ffi s p dependence. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.172301 Measurements of two-particle angular correlations in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions at a centerof-mass energy ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 7 TeV at the LHC showed an enhancement in the production of pairs at small azimuthal-angle separation, Δϕ, that extends over a wide range of pseudorapidity differences, Δη, and which is often referred to as the "ridge" [1]. The ridge has also been observed in proton-lead (p þ Pb) collisions [2][3][4][5][6][7], where it is found to result from a global sinusoidal modulation of the per-event single-particle azimuthal angle distributions [3][4][5][6] TeV data recorded during LHC run 2 and run 1, respectively, to address these issues. The maximum number of inelastic interactions per crossing was 0.04 and 0.5 for the 13 and 2.76 TeV data, respectively. Two-particle angular correlations are measured as a function of Δη and Δϕ in different intervals of the measured charged-particle multiplicity and different p T intervals spanning 0.3 < p T < 5 GeV: 0.3-0.5 GeV, 0.5-1 GeV, 1-2 GeV, 2-3 GeV, 3-5 GeV. Separate p T -integrated results use 0.5 < p T < 5 GeV. Per-trigger-particle yields are obtained from the long-range (jΔηj > 2) component of the correlation. A new template-fitting method is applied to these yields to test for sinusoidal modulation similar to that observed in p þ Pb collisions. The measurements were performed using the ATLAS inner detector (ID), min...

The hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics of gas-solid fluidized beds containing fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Drag models of Gidaspow and Syamlal and O'Brien overestimated the drag force for the FCC particles and predicted a greater bed expansion in comparison to the experimental data. The modified Syamlal-O'Brien drag model based on the minimum fluidization conditions of the FCC particles predicted the expected bubbling fluidization behavior and simulated a bed expansion in agreement with the experimental data. The overall trend of the time-averaged voidage through the bubbling bed was simulated reasonably well at different superficial gas velocities. An additional transport equation with a kinetic term for ozone decomposition was included in the Eulerian-granular multiphase model. The computed conversions of ozone with various catalyst inventories were higher than those measured experimentally. The deviation could in part be the result of the effect of a gas distributor, which was not considered in the CFD simulation.

Correlations between the elliptic or triangular flow coefficients v m (m = 2 or 3) and other flow harmonics v n (n = 2 to 5) are measured using √ s NN = 2.76 TeV Pb + Pb collision data collected in 2010 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7 μb −1 . The v m -v n correlations are measured in midrapidity as a function of centrality, and, for events within the same centrality interval, as a function of event ellipticity or triangularity defined in a forward rapidity region. For events within the same centrality interval, v 3 is found to be anticorrelated with v 2 and this anticorrelation is consistent with similar anticorrelations between the corresponding eccentricities, 2 and 3 . However, it is observed that v 4 increases strongly with v 2 , and v 5 increases strongly with both v 2 and v 3 . The trend and strength of the v m -v n correlations for n = 4 and 5 are found to disagree with m -n correlations predicted by initial-geometry models. Instead, these correlations are found to be consistent with the combined effects of a linear contribution to v n and a nonlinear term that is a function of v 2 2 or of v 2 v 3 , as predicted by hydrodynamic models. A simple two-component fit is used to separate these two contributions. The extracted linear and nonlinear contributions to v 4 and v 5 are found to be consistent with previously measured event-plane correlations.