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The Influence of different borate buffers as background electrolytes on the electrophoretic mobilities of underivatlzed mono-and oligosaccharides as well as glycosylated peptides In capillary electrophoresis Is Investigated. Electrophoretic mobilities of various carbohydrates are calculated, and some structural characteristics of sugar-borate complexes are deduced. Due to the fact that the addKIon of borate to aqueous solutions of mono-and olgosaccharides results In an Increase of absorbance at 195 nm, the sugars can be detected without derivatlzatlon. Additionally, resolution and efficiency were dramatically Improved by performing electrophoresis at elevated temperatures up to 60 °C. CE experiments of a hexapeptlde and Its glycosylated form confirm that not only does glucose complex with borate In the open-chain form but, under conditions of very high borate concentrations, the pyranose form also complexes with borate.

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The principles and some applications of free flow zone electrophoresis and isotachophoresis are described. The influence of (i) carrier electrolyte conductivity on the migration velocity and (ii) band shape on zone electrophoresis was investigated. The technique was found convenient for studying the effect of pH on the mobility of proteins to create a mobility curve. The purification of alcohol dehydrogenase from a crude yeast extract revealed the separation power of zone electrophoresis for complex protein mixtures. Without additional steps, a purification factor of 5.4, with a recovery of 97% alcohol dehydrogenase, was achieved. Free flow isotachophoresis was applied to the purification of immunoglobulins from human serum. Disadvantages of this technique are the time-consuming development of an optimized separation system and the empirical search for suitable spacers. Also, reaching of the steady state becomes increasingly difficult as the number of sample components increases.

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