The vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and the depletion of these microorganisms have been associated with adverse conditions that can affect women’s health. Disturbance of the vaginal niche with a non-lactobacillary microbiota is associated with susceptibility to some diseases, such as obstetric alterations and infertility, resulting in failure in natural pregnancies and increased demand for assisted reproduction treatments. The present study sought to understand the influence of Lactobacillus spp. and fertility female. A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO and LILACS, using the keywords: “Microbiome”; “ Lactobacillus ” and “Female Infertility”, published in the last five years. The search resulted in 92 articles; however, 38 articles were excluded due to duplicity, 23 articles were excluded in the selection title/abstract, leaving 31 articles for full reading. In the end, 18 articles were analyzed. The studies encompassed a total of 2,011 women, using 27 types of samples to verify the composition of the microbiome. The eighteen articles that reported the microbiome of fertile women were constituted by a dominance of Lactobacillus spp. who joined to positive predictive outcomes in reproduction, while infertile women showed a dysbiotic profile. Therefore, analyzing bacterial patterns would allow a personalized diagnosis, which could favor personalized therapy for prevention and treatment of certain diseases.

The microbiota is composed of numerous resident microorganisms, which contribute to the health and illness of the individual. When the microbiota is in dysbiosis, it can cause some pathological processes and in men it can be correlated with male infertility, so the present study does a systematic review, identifying whether there is a correlation between the microbiota and seminal quality. We analyzed 7 papers published in PubMed, Medline and the Cochrane library databases, in English and published between 2012 and 2022. In men with normal semen parameters, a higher prevalence of Lactobacillus. There was a higher prevalence of Prevotella in patients who had some seminal alteration. We conclude that the microbiota is correlated with seminal quality, since the decrease in Lactobacillus and the increase in other species is seen in infertile men.

Objective To verify from a systematic literature review the possible effects of thyroid diseases on assisted reproduction techniques. Data sources The studies were analyzed from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS databases. Selection of studies The articles selected for the review included: cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials that addressed the proposed theme and which were published within the period stipulated from January 1, 2012, to March 5, 2022, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. These would later have to go through stages of inclusion as a framework of the type of study and exclusion criteria that were review articles, case reports, abstracts, articles with animal models, and duplicate articles and letters to the editor. Data collection Author’s name; Number of patients; Clinical outcome; Use of drugs; Control group (in case it had); Clinical outcome. Data synthesis In in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection it was verified that thyroid diseases can lead to effects such as a reduction in the rate of recovered oocytes, a decrease in the number of embryos, lower pregnancy rates, and increased chances of congenital anomalies in these patients and a reduction in the rate of implantation. Levothyroxine can increase the number of cycle cancellations. Conclusions Thyroid diseases may have deleterious effects on the clinical outcome of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

A Chlamydia trachomatis é um bacilo Gram-negativo, intracelular obrigatório e sexualmente transmissível, conhecida mundialmente por acometer mulheres jovens ativas sexualmente. A maior parte das infecções causadas pela C. trachomatis são assintomáticas, dessa forma o rastreio e diagnóstico acontecem de forma tardia já que não se trata de uma infecção de notificação obrigatória. Na citologia tem baixa sensibilidade e temos apenas a biologia molecular com boa sensibilidade. Entre as complicações mais comuns são inflamação pélvica crônica, gravidez tubária (ectópica) e até infertilidade. Este estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar a prevalência da bactéria Chlamydia trachomatis em casos de infertilidade. Foi realizada uma busca na biblioteca virtual em saúde, nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, utilizando artigos de prevalência com descritores "Chlamydia trachomatis", "infertility" em inglês e português com textos completos publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Foram obtidos um total de 15 artigos onde apenas 3 artigos se encaixavam com os critérios estabelecidos. Um estudo realizado na Índia apontou que a prevalência de C. trachomatis em mulheres inférteis e seus parceiros masculinos foram 15,7% e 10,0%, respectivamente. No Brasil, um estudo, encontrou uma prevalência de 61% de anticorpos C. trachomatis IgG em mulheres inférteis e 56,7% em mulheres grávidas. Outro estudo realizado na Tanzânia, revela a prevalência de C. trachomatis foi de 70,68% em 290 amostras analisadas, por teste usando antígeno rápido de clamídia teste (Innovation Biotech, Pequim, China), com sensibilidade e especificidade de 87,5% e 96,5%, respectivamente, apontando que é um fator importante na infertilidade. Conclui-se que existe uma prevalência considerável de infecção por C. trachomatis em mulheres inférteis, no entanto, o serviço de saúde pode realizar intervenções com exames de rotina e tratamento das mulheres que apresentam alto risco. Ressalta-se também a possibilidade de infertilidade no homem, sendo necessários mais estudos.