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In this study, copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were synthesised by using diethylenetriamine as a protective agent in chemical reduction method. The obtained nanoparticles were characterised by various spectroscopic techniques like powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UVÀvisible spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The structure and composition were estimated by PXRD, FTIR, EDS, UVÀvisible and TG/DTA techniques, while particles size and morphology behaviours were investigated by SEM and TEM instrumentation. A noteworthy, average particle size of nanoparticles was found around 40 nm with spherical shapes. Furthermore, the applications part of NPs were studied as a catalyst for one-pot solvent-free green synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrano[c] chromenes from different aromatic aldehydes, malonitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin by stirring at 80 C. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of NPs were assessed in vitro against human bacterial pathogen such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aruginosa using agar well diffusion method. Gram positive bacteria S. aureus (18 mm) exhibited a maximum zone of inhibition at 60 mg/ml of Cu NPs. Nonetheless, antibacterial activities of Cu NPs (10À100 mg) were compared with four wellknown antibiotics likes amikacin (30 mcg), ciprofloxacin (5 mcg), gentamicin (5 mcg) and norfloxacin (10 mcg). This study indicates that Cu NPs exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against all the test pathogens even at lower concentration.

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) hold great potential for the advancement of future medicine but suffer from unsatisfactory clinical success due to the challenges accompanied with their delivery. Nucleic acid mediated nanomaterials have riveted the researchers from past two decades and exhilarating tasks have prevailed. Nucleic acid nanotechnology offers unique control over the shape, size, time, mechanistic, and anisotropy. It can transfect numerous types of tissues and cells without any toxic effect, minimize the induced immune response, and penetrate most of the biological barriers and hence it reveals itself as a versatile tool for multidisciplinary research field and for various therapeutic purposes. Nucleic acid combines with other nanoscale objects also by altering the chemical functional groups and reproducing the varied array of nanomaterials. Interestingly, nucleic acid derived nanomaterials are characterized easily at atomic level accuracy. However, this advent nanoscience has vital issues which must be addressed, such as the high cost of nucleic acids, their self-assembly nature, etc. Hence, the aim of this review is to highlights the systematic advances and methodology of nucleic acid mediated synthesis of nanomaterials and their therapeutic applications.

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