Hyperlipidemia is the major risk factor of arteriosclerosis, coronary heart diseases and death. Phenolic compounds have been shown to offer the protection against cardiovascular complications. In the present study, we studied the effect of semisynthetic phenolic compounds on the hyperlipidemic mice fed with high fat diet (cholesterol, cholic acid and peanut oil). Phenolic compounds were mixed with HFD and the dose of the test compounds were 1 0mg/kg for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the average body weight of lab diet, HFD, standard and test compounds were evaluated. Average body weight of test compound 1, test compound 2 and test compound 3 showed insignificant results (P>1) as compared to the standard drug (Atorvastatin in this study). The liver weight of mice increased (P>1) in all treatment groups relative to standard drug fed group. The plasma lipids such as triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol were found to be increased (P>1) in Test compound 1, test compound 2 , test compound 3 and HFD fed mice when compared to that of standard drug ( Atorvastatin) fed mice. But high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased in standard when compared to that of lab diet fed mice, HFD and test compounds. In conclusion, the supplementation of semi synthetic phenolic compounds may have a weak potential of hypolipidemic effect on mice fed high-fat diet.

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenital cardiac lesions in pregnant women reporting for fetal echocardiogram and correlate with obstetrical risk factors. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: To be conducted at pediatric cardiology and obstetrical unit of AFIC/NIHD and CMH Rawalpindi, from Jan 2009 to Jan 2020. Methodology: Pregnant women referred for fetal echocardiogram from 19-49 years of age were enrolled. Echo was done between 20 to 36 weeks gestation. Primary outcome was the nature of cardiac lesion and gestation at diagnosis. Neonatal scan was done at follow up to confirm cardiac diagnosis. Secondary outcome was obstetrical risk factors which were the reason for referral. This included age consanguinity, family history, previous history of intrauterine death or early neonatal death, maternal and paternal diseases. Data was collected and analyzed n frequencies and percentage. Chi-square was applied for association between variable and p-valve 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of n=967 pregnant women referred to outpatient department for fetal echocardiogram. Congenital cardiac lesion were detected in n=83 patients. Majority of patients had CAVSD (1.2%) CCAVB (1.2%) followed by ASD (1.1%) VSD (0.9%) Abnormal heart rate (0.8%) Single ventricle (0.3%). Most significant maternal age group was between 21 to 30 and 30-40 years (43.7 and 46.2%). Only 3% below 20 years and 6.7% above40 years of age. Most important maternal risk factor was previous off spring 0.5% past family history 0.3% and abnormal obstetrical ultrasound 0.3% Followed by maternal diabetes 0.1% and maternal hypertension 0.1%. The yield of detection of congenital cardiac lesions was 8.3%. Conclusions: Congenital cardiac diseases are the second most common congenital anomaly and huge burden n pediatric population. Timely diagnosis and referral can be lifesaving.

Objective: To find the incidence of neonatal sepsis, microorganisms involved and their antibiotic sensitivityamong neonates admitted with neonatal sepsis during the study period.Study Design: Prospective observational study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of combinedmilitary Hospital (CMH), Kharian, Pakistan from January 2019 to December 2020.Materials and Methods: After getting permission from Ethical Review Board of hospital, all the neonates whowere admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of hospital with neonatal sepsis were included in subjectstudy. All the neonates with fever, irritability, difficulty in feeding, respiratory distress, fits, bulging fontanels,jaundice, bleeding etc. were suspected as case of "Neonatal sepsis". Venous blood sample of neonates wasdrawn under aseptic technique and collected in sterile BacT/ALERT (PF) blood collecting culture bottles andsent to laboratory immediately for culture, sensitivity procedure and reporting.Results: A total of 4892 neonates were admitted in neonatal intensive care unit from January 2019 toDecember 2020. Out of these, 342 neonates were clinically diagnosed as cases of neonatal sepsis. Incidence ofneonatal sepsis was 6.99%, comprising 185 males (54.1%) and 157 females (45.9%). The age range was from 2days to 88 days with a mean age 35.47+23.40 days. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most commonlyinfectious microorganism (33.9%) followed by Candida species (18.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%) andCoagulase negative Staphylococci (12.3%). Non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria were found to be infecting26 (11.5%) out of the total positive cases (Acinetobacter baumannii complex 8.4%, Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia 3.1% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2.6%).Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent organism found to be responsible for neonatalsepsis with majority being resistant to Methicillin. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a100% percent sensitive to vancomycin and Teicoplanin. On the other hand, Gram Negative organisms haveshown promising sensitivity to Colistin.

Objective: To compare Vitamin D levels in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections with normal children. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian, from Nov 2018 to Dec 2019. Methodology: Sixty children fulfilling the inclusion criteria from the indoor department of Paediatrics, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian were included in the study. Thirty patients were in the recurrent respiratory tract infections-group (cases), while 30 were in the normal children- group (control). The blood sample was drawn from all the children included in the study to analyze serum 25 (OH) D levels. Data regarding Vitamin D levels were noted from both groups as per operational definition on an especially designed proforma. Results: The mean age of cases was 5.63 ± 2.82 years, and controls were 5.66 ± 2.44 years. In cases-group, 20 (66.7%) cases had low vitamin D levels, and 10 (33.3%) cases had normal vitamin D levels, while in control subjects, 11 (36.7%) children had low vitamin D levels and 19 (63.3%) children had average vitamin D level. Cases with low vitamin D levels were statistically higher than controls, with the p-value of 0.02 with a significant odds ratio = 3.455 (95% CI: 1.95–9.99). Conclusion: This study concludes that children with recurrent respiratory tract infections had low vitamin D levels compared with normal children.