The contributions of 'shadow poles' to the nonrelativistic S-wave scattering by the exponential and the Hulthen potentials are calculated and the implications of these results in the theory based on 'shadow poles' in particle physics are discussed.

No abstract

While investigating polishing mechanism of glass substrates with ceria abrasives (CeO2), we found its oxidizing properties worked effectively for the polishing. This finding has inspired us to speculate about the possibility of the manganese oxide abrasives as an alternative for ceria as they also have oxidizing properties. Therefore, focusing on the valence of the manganese, we have experimentally manufactured MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 abrasives, and conducted a comparison study of the characteristics obtained with ceria slurry and manganese oxide slurries. As a result, the surface roughness of below Ra 0.8nm obtained with Mn2O3 slurry was found better than that with the conventional ceria slurry, on top of which, its removal rate was as good as or equal to that of ceria. Using a novel, closed type CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) machine, we conducted another glass polishing experiment with ceria and manganese oxide slurries. The inside of the CMP machine was filled with high-pressure gases such as oxygen, air and nitrogen and kept at 500kPa to make the polishing environment radical. Through this experiment, we found an effective polishing method for high-quality surface. The removal rates were several times better than that of the conventional polishing performed in an open CMP machine.

In tungsten (W) polishing, MnO 2 has been used as an abrasive to form plugs without etching holes in seams during CMP. We found that MnO 2 polishes 1.5 times faster than the standard A1 2 O 3 abrasive, and can be completely removed during the cleaning process.

No abstract