Background/objectives: The objective of the study is to increase the resolution and radiate sharper beam towards the user in mobile communication using Smart Antenna. Methodology: The Conventional and Subspace Algorithms from the literature are studied and simulated in MATLAB so that the foundation is laid for better detection of algorithms and radiation formation. The results are explained for varying number of antenna elements and mobiles sources placed close to far. Findings: The classical direction of arrival algorithms namely CAPCON, Maximum Entropy Method, Maximum Likelihood Method are used to find the direction of mobile users based on the computation of the power spectrum. Several methods namely Least Mean Square, Griffiths Method, Variable Step Size Griffiths and Recursive Least Square are used to form the main beam for the user detected by the direction of arrival algorithms. Novelty/improvements: In order to take further the research on enhancing the resolution and having a higher convergence rate with reasonable step size, this paper presents the well-known conventional and modern algorithms from the literature. The results are simulated are well described for performing parameters.

No abstract

No abstract

Recently, the need for more capacity in wireless networks has motivated this current research towards the creation of standards and algorithms that selectively take advantage of space. The development of smart antenna arrays and related beamforming algorithms has received a lot of attention. Cell Planning is an important process in networking, which is used to ensure coverage and avoid interference. Also, cell planning plays a vital role in the placement of base stations in a network. The communication between the base station (BS) and mobile station can happen either using a single antenna or an array of antenna elements. In the case of using a single antenna, if the Electromagnetic (EM) wave has low SNR, then BS cannot decode the data and drops the signal. Conversely, when an array is used, a signal with low SNR also falls on the base station, and due to multiple delayed copies of the same signal, the data gets decoded successfully. With Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), the frequencies allotted for mobile communication are reused to provide channel access to multiple users at the same time preserving the allowable reuse distance in network architecture, thus increasing the channel capacity and facilitating multiple users separated by a distance at the same time with frequency reuse. The smart antenna system at the base station performs the transceiver function. The transmission phase uses the output from the reception i.e., the detected user direction radiates a beam towards the desired user for communication to narrow the beam. The proposed 6T Beamformer method is a six-tap-based system with three taps having fixed step sizes and the other three having variable step sizes. With the execution of each tap or module, better convergence and quality of service are achieved. In the result analysis, the proposed method is compared with existing high-performing algorithms like LMS, Griffiths, and VSSLMS against Mean Square Error (MSE) to show that it converges faster at the 9th iteration which is better than others in all the probabilities. ABSTRAK: Dewasa ini, keperluan terhadap lebih kapasiti dalam rangkaian tanpa wayar menjadi motivasi kepada kajian terkini dalam membentu piawai dan algoritma yang menjimatkan ruang. Pembangunan tata susun antena pintar dan algoritma pembentukan pancaran telah mendapat perhatian ramai. Merancang sel adalah proses penting dalam jaringan, bagi memastikan liputan terhasil dan mengelak dari gangguan. Juga, merancang sel memainkan peranan penting dalam menempatkan tapak stesen dalam rangkaian. Komunikasi antara stesen pusat (BS) dan stesen bergerak dapat berlaku samada menggunakan antena tunggal atau elemen tata susunan antena. Dalam kes antena tunggal, jika gelombang Elektromagnetik (EM) mempunyai SNR rendah, BS tidak dapat menafsirkan kod data dan signal akan terabai. Sebaliknya, apabila susun atur digunakan, signal dengan gelombang SNR rendah akan terus ke stesen pusat dan disebabkan beberapa gelombang sama yang tertunda, data dapat ditafsir dengan sempurna. Melalui Capaian Pelbagai Pembahagi Ruang (SDMA), frekuensi yang ditimbulkan bagi komunikasi bergerak telah diguna balik bagi menyediakan kemasukan saluran kepada pelbagai pengguna pada waktu sama memelihara jarak guna balik yang dibenarkan dalam binaan rangkaian, oleh itu menambah kapasiti saluran dan membantu gandaan pengguna yang dipisahkan oleh jarak dengan kekerapan guna balik pada masa sama. Sistem antena pintar di stesen pusat pula  menjalankan fungsi pemancar. Fasa pemancaran ini menggunakan pengeluaran dari penerima iaitu, pengguna yang dikesan dari arah pancaran, akan memancarkan gelombang kepada pengguna yang memerlukan komunikasi, ini dapat mengecilkan jarak pancaran. Kaedah yang dicadangkan ini menghasil pancaran 6T iaitu sistem berdasarkan-enam-tap di mana tiga tap mempunyai saiz langkah yang tetap dan tiga lagi mempunyai saiz langkah berubah. Dengan pelaksanaan ini setiap tap atau modul mempunyai penumpuan yang lebih baik dan servis yang berkualiti terhasil. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan, kaedah yang dicadangkan dapat dibandingkan dengan algoritma berprestasi tinggi sedia ada seperti LMS, Griffiths, dan VSSLMS berbanding min kuasa dua ralat (MSE) bagi menunjukkan ia tertumpu lebih laju pada iterasi ke 9, iaitu lebih baik daripada ke semua kebarangkalian.

No abstract