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The objective of this research is to identify the effectiveness of a program based on the use of learning centers in the development of national belonging among kindergarten children. In order to achieve this objective, the researcher applied the research on a sample of)65(boys and girls who were distributed randomly into two groups, one is experimental group and the other is the control group. The scale of national belonging and a program for national belonging were prepared for kindergarten children based on the use of learning centers. The researcher found a set of results, including the increased level of grades of the experimental group children after the application of national belonging program based on the use of learning centers rather than the children of the control group. Accordingly, the researcher provided a set of recommendations and proposals, including the need to focus the attention of kindergarten teachers to the importance of learning centers and introduce special programs to enhance the development of national belonging in children.

Background:In Egypt; Elderly populations are at higher risk than adult population for health problems and disability increase with increasing age. The study aimed to identify prevalence rate of disability among elderly at Assiut district. Subject and methods: cross sectional research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted in three randomly selected villages namely (Al-Shaghaba, Elwan and Awlad Ibrahim) at Assiut district. The total sample size was 1000 elderly after conducting home visit from the previous setting who were selected by convenient sample. Two tools were used ,The 1 st tool: A structured interview questionnaire sheet which included socio-demographic and medical data, The 2 nd tool: A questionnaire that assessed the levels of various disabilities among elderly people by Clifton Assessment Procedure for the Elderly and scale to asses activity of daily living. Results: (34.7%) of studied elderly had mild impairment. While the mean ± SD score of activity of daily living was 4.87 ± 1.89 Conclusion There was a positive correlation between elderly age and Clifton assessment procedures while a negative correlation was found between elderly age and Activity of Daily Living and the main percent of the studied elderly had mild impairment. Recommendation: Provide individualized education for elderly and their families to improve their knowledge about disability problems of elderly people.

Introduction : Typhoid fever is a systemic bacterial illness of public health importance. The disease is transmitted person to person due to fecal contamination of food and water. Aim: Determine the incidence of typhoid disease for patient and caregiver in hospitals of Assuit governorate. Assess the knowledge, attitude of patient and their caregiver about typhoid fever. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional research design used in the present study. The study was carried out in the fever hospitals of Assuit governorate, which consists from (Assuit fever hospital, Dirout fever hospital, Elshamia fever hospital). Sample was total coverage to all cases attended to the previous setting during six months, the total cases around (400) cases (232) patients and (168) caregiver. Tools of the study was assess the knowledge of patient and caregivers about typhoid fever and their attitude reward typhoid disease. Data collection by direct interview to cases and their caregiver started from first January / 2018 to the end June / 2018, data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 Results: It was found that satisfactory knowledge of patient and caregiver related to typhoid disease. It was found that negative attitude of patients and caregivers regarding to typhoid disease. Conclusion and Recommendation: It was conclude that all patients and caregivers knowledge satisfactory while negative attitude were observed that toward typhoid fever. The study recommended that education at programs should be organized for patients and caregivers regarding management and prevention of typhoid fever.