Background: Due to rapid development of microbial resistance against chemotherapeutic agents (mostly antibiotics), it has become essential currently to screen effective, safe, cheap, and available therapeutics from various medicinal plants-like herbs-for their potential antimicrobial effect. Aim: To estimate the antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethanol, and methanol extracts of each of Moringa oleifera L. leaves and Matricaria recutita L. flowers against antibiotic-resistant and sensitive bacterial strains isolated from patients having wound infections. Results: In the present study, a total of one hundred clinical samples were obtained from different cases of infected wounds. Forty isolates (40%) of pure bacterial cultures were detected. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the predominant agent isolated from the wound infections (32.5%) followed by Staphylococcus spp. (25%), E. coli (20%), Klebsiella spp. (20%), and Proteus mirabilis (2.5%). Sensitivity of the bacterial isolates was tested against antibiotic discs: piperacillin, , and clindamycin. Out of the 40 bacterial strains studied, 20 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 7 extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and 3 were pan drug-resistant (PDR). The in vitro susceptibility test showed that the water, ethanol (95%), and methanol (80%) extracts of Moringa oleifera L.(leaves) and Matricaria recutita L.(flowers) produced an inhibitory effect against 12 resistant MDR, XDR, and PDR test isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 7.8-62.5 mg/ml. Water and methanol extracts of both plants represented good activity against most of the sensitive and resistant isolates whereas ethanol extract of both plants showed a lesser activity against nearly all of the isolates Conclusion: This study had the potential value to develop antibacterial agents against resistant (MDR, XDR, and PDR) and susceptible bacteria supporting the significant use of plant extracts in treating wound infections related to bacteria and these active extracts will provide useful information for discovering new compounds with better activity and more effective against resistant (MDR, XDR, and PDR) and susceptible bacteria responsible for wound infections than currently available antibiotic agents.

Background: Empirical antibiotic treatment is a common practice to manage chronic dacryocystitis in many healthcare settings in spite of the probability for changing in the types of microbial isolates. The aims of this study were to find out the current clinicomicrobiological profile of adult cases with chronic dacryocystitis and to determine the antibiogram of the isolated organisms to the commonly prescribed antibiotics. Results: Of the 25 samples obtained, 15 (60%) yielded a positive culture, 12 (48%) showed single bacterial isolate while 3 (12%) had mixed (two types) bacterial isolates. A total of 18 different strains of microorganisms were obtained from 25 cases, with 12/18 (66.7%) Gram-positive, 5/18 (27.7%) Gram-negative isolates, and 1/18 (5.5%) was fungal isolate. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently found Gram-positive bacteria (22.2%), while Klebsiella species was the predominant of Gram-negative bacteria (16.6%). The majority of the isolated bacterial strains were sensitive to gatifloxacin (88%) and amikacin (88%) while the main resistance of the bacterial isolates, recovered from chronic dacryocystitis, was to cephalexin (59%). Conclusion: There is a continuous possibility of changing the type of pathogens responsible for dacryocystitis as well as their susceptibility to antibiotics. Microbiological study with microbial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test has to be done to all cases of chronic dacryocystitis for a better choice of antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment options, and to guard against the emergence of more drug-resistant strains.

Background: Outbreaks of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis are often due to infection with Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which usually has poor visual prognosis due to its virulence factors and intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents. This work was concerned with investigation of outbreak of post phacoemulsification surgeries that took place at an eye care center, at 1-day period in Egypt. Retrospective case series study had been carried out with participants of six patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgeries. The clinical settings and treatment outcomes were described. Results: The results showed isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant strain in all cases; five vitreous samples and one anterior chamber fluid sample. No evisceration or enucleation had to be done to any of these eyes in 8-month follow-up period. The source of outbreak was most probably the reused-reprocessed cassette of the phacoemulsifier machine. No pseudomonas strains could be isolated from other environmental samples. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and prompt recall of suspected cases and applying outbreak control measures helped to achieve good visual and anatomic outcomes. Reprocessing and reuse of single use devices should not be done, except after following the international regulations and the manufacturers' information on the appropriate decontamination process to allow reuse, including cleaning, disinfection, and method of sterilization.