Given the shortage of studies of the distribution of plant communities within the study area, the present research was conducted to identify the composition of natural vegetation and forms of growth and geographical biogenic life in a part of the watershed of Wadi Al-Muhammadi in the period between autumn 2016 and spring 2017. It was found that the region contains several plants, whether perennial or annul, have been identified based on the characteristics of the dominant plant community random Quadrate method, using sixteen squares covered the study. Then natural plant growth was estimated. Distribution of plant communities varied depending on the geomorphology unit of the area, which was divided into following:-the relatively high are: (plateau), the terraces, floodplain, and the bottom of the valley and on the characteristics of the soils dominant and soil salinity and the soil moisture. 36 plant species belonging to 18 families were recorded life forms were Therophytes and Chamaephytes and plants, all within the climate component (Middle Saharo-Sendian sub-region) based on the classification of regions biogeography map (Biogeographically regions) of the study area. The most representative families are Gramineae and Compositae, Chenopodiaceae . A large proportion of these species were abundant within the wetlands, especially in the course of output and schedules for artesian wells flowing waters toward downstream of the main wadi, particularly the valley, and the moisture salts and content of soils first were determinants within the study area as well as geological formations located within the region . Most of the plant species recorded were in danger of degradation and extintion. This region is exposed to human and environmental factors and security threats. These factors are: overgrazing, the cutting of shrubs with herbs as well activity quarries for building materials circulating within the region within the illegal activities of the region's population,It reems that the reason for the survival of these plant communities and spread over the seasons of the year is due to availability of the necessary moisture from artesian water flow for germination through the collector within the valley and the flow of this water stream towards the main valley.

The present study was conducted to find out the water requirements and most suitable irrigation frequencies for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) var grown under drip irrigation. The treatments were based on the IW:CPE ratio at different empirical pan factors 0.6 , 0.8, 1.0, 1.,1.4 , and 1.6 Ef (where Ef = IW/CPE). It was observed that the irrigation interval was variable values decreased by increasing Ef value and with the progress of the growing season. The 1.2 and 1.0 IW: CPE treatments with approximately 4 days irrigation interval were achieved the best results. The total amount of applied water during Cowpea growing season was varied between 247.7 and 266.5mm with 254.8mm as a mean. Irrigation treatment with Ef1.2 was superior over the rest of other treatments in fresh seed yield (5.13 ton.hec.-1), crop water productivity (2.14 kg.m-3), biological yield (6.88 ton.hec.-1) , fresh pod yield (7.33 ton.hec.-1), weight of 100 seed (31.28gm), number of seed/pod (9.34) and netting percentage (37.1). The lowest values of the most parameters used in this study were obtained by Ef 0.6 irrigation treatment.

The present investigation was conducted at research field station -College of Agriculture -Baghdad University -Abu Ghraib (25 km west of Baghdad). The location lie on latitude \ 24

Two field experiments were conducted under field conditions under a sprinkler irrigation system in the West desert of Iraq, Al-Qaim Area, 400 km west of Baghdad. Underground water was used as a source of irrigation water to study the effect of different rates and different times of boron application on wheat cv. Ibaa99. RCBD with five treatments and three replications was used in this study. Boron dose was 2 kg/ha for soil application method and 0.30 kg/ha for foliar application method. Boron treatments were: 0 (control T1), 2 kg B ha-1 at sowing time (T2), 2 kg B ha-1 at 30 days after sowing (T3), 0.3 kg B ha-1 foliar application at 60 days after sowing (T4) and 0.3 kg B ha-1 for foliar application at 90 days after sowing (T5). Most boron treatments gave a significant increase as compared with control in morphological, physiological and productivity characters of wheat crop. The results revealed that B application treatment at 30 days after sowing time increased significantly the 1000 grains weight (17.6%) while T5 treatment increased significantly the chlorophyll content (12.41%) over control. In most cases, B application treatment at 60 days after sowing time showed the best results and increased significantly the plant height (5.24%), leaf area (9.18%), number of grains spike-1 (30.9 %), number of spike m-2 (18.8%), spike length (65.6%), Grains yield (34.6%) over control. There was evidence that the best dose of boron was 0.3 kg B ha-1 and the best time of B application to the foliage was at 60 days after sowing.

The study aimed to determine the success of the use of saline water during certain stages of the growth of the quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd ) plant and to provide a portion of fresh water without affecting the yield significantly. A field experiment was carried out with a Randomized Complete Block Design, in which Euphrates River (fresh water) (R), and saline groundwater (S) were used, its electrical conductivity was 1.6 and 5.1 dSm−1 respectively.Growth stages were divided into four stages: germination and emergence -vegetative growth - flowering - yield formation. Five treatments were used for irrigation: treatment T1, irrigation with river water for the four stages (RRRR), treatment T2: irrigation with river water for the first and second stage, and saline water for the third and fourth stage (RRSS), and treatment T3: irrigation with river water for the first and third stage and saline water for the second and fourth stage (RSRS),while treatment T 4: irrigation with river water for the first stage and saline water for the other three stages (RSSS). and treatment T5: irrigation with saline water for all stages (SSSS). Plant growth and yield were followed, as well as the amount of salt accumulation in the soil before planting and after harvest.