Original Article IntrOductIOnThyroid nodules are common, varieties of benign and malignant lesions of thyroid present as nodules. At our tertiary care centre, we do not have provision for IHC and other higher investigation. Also, the majorities of patients are from lower socio economic class and can't afford higher investigation in private laboratories. As a result of which our study is based on cytological diagnosis of thyroid lesions according to Bethesda system and it's histopathological correlation. The Bethesda system of thyroid lesion on FNAC reporting, aims at standardization of reports. It bridges the communication gap between clinicians and pathologists and thus helps the surgeons to take appropriate therapeutic interventions [1]. AImTo elucidate the diagnostic utility of the Bethesda system in reporting thyroid FNAs and to assess the effectiveness of FNAC in the evaluation of thyroid nodules by comparing the results with histopathological evaluation. mAterIAls And methOdsThe present study was carried out in our institute during the July 2012 to September 2014 (Prospective study). The study comprised of 100 patients who presented with the history of swelling of thyroid which were referred from the Departments of Surgery, Medicine & ENT. Patients were explained about the procedure and written consent was taken.Inclusion criteria: Patient of both gender, age 10 to 80 years, presenting with thyroid swelling in any lobe of thyroid selected by clinical palpation (multinodular, solitary nodules, diffuse goiter, etc) and patients with recurrent thyroid swellings after a previous thyroid surgery.FNAc was performed in all cases of midline neck swelling by cytopathologist. Proper consent was taken. The patient asked to lie in supine position with their neck stretched up. A 23-24 gauge needle is used to perform the fine needle aspiration. The cytological diagnosis was given according to the Bethesda system. The Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, Predictive value, Sensitivity, Specificity Aim:The aim of this study was to elucidate the diagnostic utility of the Bethesda system in reporting thyroid FNAs and to assess the effectiveness of FNAC in the evaluation of thyroid nodules by comparing the results with histopathological evaluation. materials and methods:The present study was carried out in our institute during the July 2012 to September 2014. In this study, 100 FNACs done which were classified according to the Bethesda system and out of them, 60 histopathological evaluations obtained from this group were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were evaluated.results: Out of 100 FNACs, 06% were Non-diagnostic, 78% were Benign, 04% were Atypical follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AFLUS), 04% were suspicious for Follicular neoplasm (SFN), 01% were suspicious for Follicular neoplasm Hurthle cell type, 03% were suspicious for malignancy (SM), and 04% malignant. In 60 cases, data of follow-up histopathologic examination (HPE) were available. The sensitivi...

Introduction: Cancer of uterine cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy. Pap smear though widely used screening test for cervical cancer has the disadvantage of low sensitivity. Colposcopy has higher sensitivity compared to Pap smear. Concurrent screening with Pap smear and colposcopy can overcome this problem. Aim: The aim of the study was correlation of Pap smear and colposcopic finding with directed biopsy in detection of cervical neoplasm. Methods: The Present study was conducted in the

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women in most developed and developing regions of the world. In India, breast cancer is the second most common cancer (after cervical cancer). Breast cancer at young age has been reported to have a more aggressive behavior and unfavorable prognosis compared to the older patients. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate prognosis through pathological tumour size, histological grade, mitotic index, lymph node status, distant metastasis and oestrogen & progesterone receptor positivity in young patients ≤ 35 years. Material and Methods: This prospective study was carried out for a period of three years from June 2015 to May 2018. Total of 200 cases of breast carcinoma were studied, out of them patients with ≤35 years were considered as case group and above 35 years of age as control group. Results: Total of 200 cases of breast carcinoma was reported in various age groups in histopathology. Total cases in age group ≤35 years were 28 out of total 200 cases. In age group ≤35 years out of 28 cases, 09 cases showed positive family history, 22 cases showed lymph node metastasis, most common stage of breast carcinoma was stage III, most common histological grade was Grade III and 15 cases were negative for markers ER/PR. Conclusion: Breast cancer is uncommon in young women but it co-relates with a less favorable prognosis. Tumors in younger patients had higher co-morbidity and better screening procedures should be used even in females younger than 35 years of age.

Introduction: The CA 19-9 antigen isolated by Koprowski and colleagues in 1979 is a lacto-N-fucopentaose II-like substance and one of the tumour-associated antigens present in serum in the mucin fraction. Close attention has been paid to the role CA 19-9 in the diagnosis of digestive tract tumours. In this study, serum analysis of CA 19-9 levels in 91 patients with gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinoma was done. These data was used to evaluate the clinicians with adequate information on use of CA 19-9 as tumour marker- both diagnostic and prognostic. Aim: To study the role of tumour marker, CA 19-9 as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, and also to monitor the response of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer to treatment. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 91 cases of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinomas conducted in tertiary care hospital associated with medical college in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India were studied from September 2012 to March 2015 for two years and five months. The sample size was of 91 patients. Statistical method used was sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The material used was serum of the patient both pre as well as postoperatively and CalBiotech CA 19-9 Elisa Kit was used to determine the Value. The collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel spread sheet. The statistical methods used for variables were Mean and median along with Sensitivity and Specificity. Software used was “Epi Info”, version 7.0. Results: Total 91 cases of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinomas were studied. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used preoperatively and post operatively to determine the CA 19-9 values in patients of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinomas. It was found that CA 19-9 is an important tumour marker with sensitivity of 76.31% and specificity of 73.33% for diagnosis of the gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinoma. When aided with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and histopathological findings it helps in giving a sure shot diagnosis. It also provides useful prognostic information for the same. Conclusion: This study helps to understand the role of CA 19-9 as diagnostic and prognostic marker for pancreatic, hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal carcinomas.