In vitro studies are carried out on a phosphate‐based glass system with different compositions (45P2O5–30CaO–(25−x) Na2O–xTiO2) of TiO2 (0≤x1 mol%). The optimization of bone‐bonding ability of prepared glass samples is carried out by using studies such as ultrasonic velocities, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), in vitro, pH, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result that is observed indicates a possible change in the structural property of glasses due to the addition of TiO2. The strong absorption band at 1100 cm−1 in FTIR pattern in all compositions that is observed indicates the presence of Ca2P2O7 after immersion in simulated body fluid solution. A high degree of absorption is noticed in 1.0 mol% of glass sample to which TiO2 was added, which ensures the growth of a rich Ca–P crystalline layer on the glass surface during in vitro studies. The XRD study on 1.0 mol% TiO2 after in vitro study confirms the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp). SEM micrographs, FTIR, and pH observations show a small amount of formation of HAp in all prepared glass samples whereas a higher formation of HAp is noted on glass samples with 1.0 mol% TiO2.

A series of phosphate based glasses of composition 45P2O5–(40−x)CaO–15Na2O–xZnO (x = 0, 3, 6, 8 10, and 12 mol%) were prepared employing melt‐quenching techniques. Based on the thermal analysis data of glasses, the schedule of thermal treatments have been designed and employed to obtain their glass ceramic derivatives. The increase in thermal stability and decrease in crystallization tendency was observed from differential thermal analysis traces. The durability of phosphate glasses were improved as a result of the addition of ZnO content. The increasing ZnO content alters the phosphate glass structure and enhances the cross‐link formation between different network chains. A broad‐based characterization approach combining different techniques was used to investigate the in vitro properties of glasses and their glass‐ceramic equivalents against the addition of ZnO content into the glass composition. The in vitro results revealed the decreasing nature of apatite forming ability of phosphate glasses with increase in ZnO content before and after thermal treatments. Both the glass and glass‐ceramics containing ZnO content above 10 mol% exhibited poor in vitro performance mainly because of their dissolution nature. The weight loss analysis revealed that the decreasing solubility of glass and glass‐ceramics was observed as increasing of ZnO content.

Phosphate-based glass systems with different Ag 2 O contents 45P 2 O 5 -30CaO-(25-x)Na 2 O-xAg 2 O (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0, hereafter termed, respectively, as PCNA0, PCNA0.25, PCNA0.5, PCNA0.75, and PCNA1) are prepared by keeping the ratio of P/Ca as 3.0. The influence of Ag 2 O on phosphate glass system is studied in terms of ultrasonic parameters, pH and in vitro studies. The structural role of Ag 2 O, i.e., loose packing of glass network is noticed up to 0.5 mol% of Ag 2 O content and then by an increase in packing density with further addition of Ag 2 O. The hydroxyapatite (HAp) forming ability of prepared glasses is carried through in vitro studies in simulated body fluid. The scanning electron microscopy images before and after in vitro studies show the formation of a low concentration of HAp in all glass surfaces except PCNA1, whereas a higher rate of formation of HAp is evidenced on PCNA1 glass sample. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra and X-ray Diffraction patterns that are observed support higher bioactivity on PCNA1 glass sample. H.-E. Kim-contributing editor Manuscript No. 28669.

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Nanomaterial is a rapidly growing area that is used to create a variety of new materials and nanotechnology applications from medical, pharmaceuticals, chemical, mechanical, electronics and several environmental industries including physical, chemical and biological nanoparticles are very important in our daily life. Nanoparticles with leaf extract from the healthy plant are important in the area of research using biosynthesis methods. Because of it’s used as an environmentally ecofriendly, other than traditional physical and chemical strategies. In particular, biologically synthesized nanoparticles have become a key branch of nanotechnology. The present work presents a synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using an extract from the Argemone leaf Mexicana. Biosynthetic nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy analysis, a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) and a scanning electron microcopy (SEM), X-ray analysis with dispersive energy (EDAX). XRD is used to examine the crystalline size of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The FTIR test consists in providing evidence of the presence of targeted teams. UV is used for optical properties and calculates the energy of the bandwidth slot. The scanning microscope emission reveals the morphology of the surface and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirms the basic composition of zinc oxide nanoparticles. It is found that zinc nanoparticles are capable of achieving high anti-fungal efficacy and therefore have a high potential antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs, like antibacterial and high antioxidant. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles from the Argemone Mexicana leaf extract have several antimicrobial applications, such as medical specialty, cosmetics, food, biotechnology, nano medicine and drug delivery system. ZnO nanoparticles are important because they provide many practical applications in industry. The most important use of nanoparticles of ZnO would be strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity with a simple and efficient biosynthesis method may be used for future work applications.