Analysis of Physical Properties and Hydroxyapatite Precipitation In Vitro of TiO₂‐Containing Phosphate‐Based Glass Systems

Abstract

In vitro studies are carried out on a phosphate‐based glass system with different compositions (45P2O5–30CaO–(25−x) Na2O–xTiO2) of TiO2 (0≤x1 mol%). The optimization of bone‐bonding ability of prepared glass samples is carried out by using studies such as ultrasonic velocities, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), in vitro, pH, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result that is observed indicates a possible change in the structural property of glasses due to the addition of TiO2. The strong absorption band at 1100 cm−1 in FTIR pattern in all compositions that is observed indicates the presence of Ca2P2O7 after immersion in simulated body fluid solution. A high degree of absorption is noticed in 1.0 mol% of glass sample to which TiO2 was added, which ensures the growth of a rich Ca–P crystalline layer on the glass surface during in vitro studies. The XRD study on 1.0 mol% TiO2 after in vitro study confirms the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp). SEM micrographs, FTIR, and pH observations show a small amount of formation of HAp in all prepared glass samples whereas a higher formation of HAp is noted on glass samples with 1.0 mol% TiO2.

Influence of Ag2O in Physico‐Chemical Properties and HAp Precipitation on Phosphate‐Based Glasses

“…When a metal oxide is added to a glass network, it results in the depolymerization of glass network and hence, breaks the P–O–P linkages and thereby, creates a large number of nonbridging oxygens (NBOs) . The addition of metal oxide at the expense of alkali content acts as a network whose intermediate results show a change in glass network . A little variation in density and ultrasonic velocity is noticed, when 0.25 mol% of Ag 2 O content is added to the base glass.…”

“…A 2.0‐mg sample was mixed with 200 mg KBr in an agate mortar and then pressed into a pressure of 100 kg/cm. It gave a pellet of 13 mm diameter . For each sample, FTIR spectrum was normalized with blank KBr pellet.…”

“…Phosphate‐based glasses are widely used due to their properties, such as tailor‐made solubility, low‐melting, low glass transition, and softening temperatures . Attempts have been made to optimize and to improve both their bioactivity and mechanical property by adding several metal oxides, such as MgO, TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , La 2 O 3 , and FeO, to the base glass . The added metal oxides function either as a network modifier or as an intermediate .…”

“…Attempts have been made to optimize and to improve both their bioactivity and mechanical property by adding several metal oxides, such as MgO, TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , La 2 O 3 , and FeO, to the base glass . The added metal oxides function either as a network modifier or as an intermediate . The parameters such as toxicity, solubility, mechanical properties, and antibacterial property are important for optimizing the composition of glass for suitable biomedical applications.…”

Bioactive calcium phosphate–based glasses and ceramics and their biomedical applications: A review

“…108 However, very few literatures have examined the bioactivity of PBGs. 109–112 The presence of TiO 2 in phosphate glasses is reported to induce CaP nucleation and improve their bioactivity. 113 Ti-doped PBGs were investigated for bioactivity and an intermediate hydrated titania layer (0.5–2 µm Ti–OH layer/gel) was observed to form in SBF which played an important role in the formation of apatite.…”