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Several metrics have been used to evaluate the planning performance within the Last Planner System (LPS). Percent Planned Complete (PPC), which measures the reliability of weekly work planning, is the most commonly used metric. However, studies have shown the need to complement PPC with other metrics to measure performance. Researchers have developed many metrics to assess the makeready process, workflow reliability, and weekly work planning. Many of those metrics were either inconsistently used, showed no correlation with the overall project performance, or required data that was too difficult and time-consuming to collect. This paper offers an overview of the various metrics proposed in the literature. It also proposes new metrics and details their calculation method to measure aspects not yet supported by a measurement metric. This paper is useful for last planners who can employ the newly suggested metrics to assess weekly work planning performance taking into account activity characteristics.

Takt planning is being lauded as a new tool for construction planning. It is described in the academic literature and successfully applied in practice. But is it just a tool for planning? This paper aims to show that takt planning can serve as the basis of a framework that supports the application of various lean tools and methods and, accordingly, is a tool to enable lean thinking in construction. Using this framework, the paper illustrates through examples how a project team benefited from using takt to identify where to apply lean tools and methods. It shows how takt informs when and where in the workflow it is appropriate to apply various lean tools and methods such as identification of bottlenecks, workflow reliability (process stability), underloading, process capability, mistakeproofing, standardization, continuous improvement, and cycle time reduction. The contribution of this paper is to highlight that a lean journey that starts with takt may proceed with implementing numerous lean tools and methods other than those directly pertaining to takt itself.

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