BACKGROUND Haemoptysis is a common complaint in many patients attending chest department. It can be due to a number of aetiologies, having different pathogenesis, radiological presentation and requires optimum management. This study is carried out to evaluate the aetiology, pathogenesis, its radiological profile and outcome in patients of haemoptysis in patients attending TB and Chest

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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of ultrasound guided percutaneous needle aspiration and percutaneous pigtail catheter drainage in the treatment of solitary liver abscess with respect to successful drainage, clinical improvement, reduction in size of abscess cavity, duration of hospital stay and procedure related complications. Methods: Prospective randomized study on 108 patients treated over a period of 30 months. Using standard randomization they were divided equally into two groups A and B. Group A patients underwent usg guided percutaneous needle aspiration for a maximum of three attempts, and Group B patients were treated by pigtail catheter drainage. All the patients received a uniform protocol based supportive care and antimicrobial treatment. Outcomes were compared with respect to successful drainage, resolution of symptom, fty percent reduction in size of abscess cavity, hospital stay duration and procedure related complications. Results: A successful drainage was noted in 52(96%) patients in group B treated with PCD and 46 (84%) patients in group A treated with PNA. 8(11%) patients in group A did not respond to three attempts due to very thick pus and they were offered pigtail catheter drainage. The duration required for initial clinical improvement and fty percent reduction of size of abscess cavity was signicantly lesser in group B. Though the duration of hospital stay was lesser in group B the difference was not statistically signicant. Complication was noted only in group B where one patient developed perihepatic and subdiaphragmatic collection and the other had peritonitis. Both were cured after surgical intervention. Conclusion: Both percutaneous needle aspiration and pigtail catheter drainage are almost equally effective in the treatment of solitary liver abscess. Though pigtail catheter drainage helped in earlier clinical improvement and reduction in cavity size but the difference in duration required for full recovery and complete resolution of abscess cavity was not statistically signicant. Hence the selection of the procedure needs to be individualized and should take into account various factors like patient's general condition, laboratory parameters, and nature of abscess cavity.

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Solitary choroidal tuberculoma is a rare disease which possesses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. There is a dearth of literature discussing its presentation and outcome. We present a 28 years-old female presented with unilateral drop in vision (20/80) in left eye for last 15-days. Fundoscopy showed positive vitreous cells with choroidal granulomatous lesion involving inferotemporal arcade and extending into posterior pole. Positive QuantiFERON test and tuberculin-skin-test established the diagnosis of tuberculosis. There was no past history of tuberculosis. Laboratory and radiological examination revealed no evidence of systemic tuberculosis. Treatment was initiated with first line Anti-Tubercular Treatment (ATT) and oral steroids. Choroidal lesion regressed for 2-months and visual acuity was maintained at 20/30. Subsequently relapse was noted with a new tubercular granuloma causing optic neuritis with relative afferent pupillary defect. Sudden worsening of visual acuity to hand movement perception was noted. Intravenous methyl prednisolone showed partial remission of inflammation and resolution of granuloma was noted at the end of 6-months of ATT. However, secondary optic atrophy could not be averted and the visual acuity at the end of treatment was 20/500. This is one of the rare cases of relapsed choroidal granuloma showing atypical location of tuberculosis and presenting as sight threatening optic neuritis. A 28 years old female presented with painless blurring of vision for 15 days in left eye. Her best corrected visual acuity measured on Snellen's chart was 20/80 and N18 for distant and near vision respectively in left eye. Right eye was normal with a visual acuity of 20/20 and N6 for distant and near vision. Anterior segment was normal on slit lamp examination and intraocular pressure was normal. Vitreous showed grade 1 haze (according to National Eye Institute Grading System for Vitreous Haze). On fundus examination, there was an illdefined, elevated yellow (slightly pigmented) subretinal