Trajetória das mulheres na definição pelo parto cesáreo: estudo de caso em duas unidades do sistema de saúde suplementar do estado do Rio de Janeiro

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between very low birth weight and learning difficulties at school by means of a systematic review of the literature, identifying patterns of learning difficulties among these schoolchildren, possible cognitive correlations, peculiarities of the lowest birth weight ranges and any interference with outcomes by socioeconomic and/or clinical factors.Sources of data: Bibliographic search (MEDLINE, LILACS, Excerpta Medica, reference lists of original articles, periodicals related to the subject, information from experts in the area and thesis and dissertation databases) on the keywords: prematurity/very low birth weight, learning difficulties/academic achievement/school performance, follow-up/results/cohort. Summary of the findings:The search returned 114 articles and the 18 of these were selected as having investigated learning difficulties in schoolchildren born with very low birth weights using appropriate methodology. The academic performance of these children was observed to be inferior the whole study population was compared with those born full term. The subject most compromised was mathematics. The risk of suffering from learning difficulties increased in inverse proportion to birth weight. An association was identified between very low birth weight and cognitive compromise. Conclusions:The systematic approach corroborated the results obtained by published studies: schoolchildren born with very low birth weights exhibited increased risk of learning difficulties when compared with those born at full term. There was a predominance of children with multiple academic subjects compromised and mathematics was the most affected. Risk was observed to follow an ascending gradient as birth weight reduced. There was an association between very low birth weight and cognitive compromise.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82(1):6-14: Learning disorders, very low birth weight, systematic review.

Objective: to assess the applicability of the Brazilian List of Avoidable Causes of Death (BAL) to perinatal mortality in public maternity hospitals in the states of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and São Paulo (SP) in 2011. Methods: this was a descriptive case series study of perinatal deaths using primary data from the Mortality Information System; the BAL was applied, with adaptations (codes P20.9 and P70-74) and, in addition in Rio de Janeiro the Extended Wigglesworth (EW) Classification was also used. Results: according to the BAL, 61.2% of the 98 perinatal deaths were avoidable, mainly by providing adequate attention to women in pregnancy; 'Ill-defined causes of death' accounted for 26.6% of cases, mainly fetal deaths; use of EW in RJ indicated that the 'Antepartum Fetal Death' category was predominant and was related to inadequate prenatal care; this was in line with the BAL. Conclusions: after reallocating some codes, the BAL can improve fetal death evaluation, whereby studies with a larger number of participants are needed.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa analisou a dimensão estrutura das unidades para a atenção pré-natal em Niterói, realizada pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). O banco de dados foi o da avaliação externa do 1º ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) do Ministério da Saúde. Foram entrevistados 69 profissionais, em 27 unidades de saúde. Com base nos resultados, propõe-se melhorar as condições de acessibilidade, qualificar os profissionais, estimular a permanência e o vínculo, ampliar a capacitação das equipes quanto ao gerenciamento do território e dos protocolos de risco. O PMAQ-AB foi corroborado como uma ferramenta para avaliações em saúde.

No abstract