Agroforestry activities in Forest Areas with Special Purpose (FASP) have been implemented since 2000 in Parungpanjang, West Java, which was subsequently reinforced by the Decree of the Minister of Environment and Forestry concerning the Recognition and Protection of Forest Partnerships (Kulin KK) for the Harapan Sejahtera and Guna Bakti Forest Farmer Groups in 2019. This study investigates the contribution of agroforestry systems to farmer income using a household survey in the Parungpanjang Research Forest. The study aims to analyze: 1) the contribution of agroforestry to farmer income from a household structured income analysis; 2) factors of agroforestry that influence total farmer household income using multiple regression analysis. The results show that agroforestry systems contributed 15.8% to farmer household income. The highest agroforestry productivity occurs in the age group of 41-45 years with an average of ​​managed land area of 0.65 hectares and average annual income of IDR 16,780,000 (USD 1,198.6)/farmer/year. The statistical model showed that agroforestry income does not have a significant influence on total farmer household income due to differences in the types of commercial crops, motivation, and skill, as well as age related to physical abilities.  There are only two agroforestry factors, namely age and land area, that have a significant influence on total farmer income, whereby the direction of the age variable has a negative influence.

Since the separation of Timor Leste from Indonesia in 2002, disputes over the border area have existed and have occasionally escalated to be communal con?icts. Due to the involvement of people to people relations, government to government negotiation is not enough to resolve these con?icts. Hence, both countries established cross-border cooperation as an alternative. This research analyzed the role of cross-border cooperation in managing communal con?icts in the border area between the Timor Tengah Utara District of Indonesia and the Oecussi District of Timor Leste. The research was conducted in a qualitative approach, while the data was collected by interview, observation, and literature review. This study showed that crossborder cooperation played a signifcance role in managing the con?ict by reducing violence, building and maintaining social relations, as well as improving the economic development of the local people.

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<p>Konflik antarwarga perbatasan Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Indonesia, dengan warga Distrik Oecussi, Timor Leste terjadi lagi pada tahun 2012 dan 2013 dan mengancam keamanan nasional. Jenis konflik antarwarga ini menarik karena tidak terjadi di kawasan perbatasan darat Indonesia lainnya, baik di Pulau Kalimantan maupun Papua. Fokus penelitian terdiri atas dua pertanyaan, yaitu bagaimana analisis terhadap konflik antarwarga tersebut dan bagaimana upaya penyelesaian konflik yang sudah dilakukan. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang deskriptif analitis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa isu belum selesainya delimitasi dan rendahnya tingkat kesejahteraan menjadi faktor struktural penyebab konflik, dimana aktor-aktor yang bermain pun tidak hanya melibatkan unsur pemerintah dan aparat militer, tetapi juga masyarakat sipil. Dalam penyelesaian konflik, upaya pemeliharaan perdamaian<em> </em>berupa penghentian kekerasan dan penciptaan perdamaian<em> </em>berupa negosiasi delimitasi perbatasan sudah dilakukan, sementara pembangunan perdamaian masih belum terlihat. Selain itu, berbagai kebijakan pengelolaan batas wilayah dan pembangunan kawasan perbatasan juga berpotensi berperan mencegah kembali pecahnya konflik.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> konflik antarwarga, penciptaan perdamaian<em>, </em>penjagaan perdamaian<em>, </em>pembangunan perdamaian, dan perbatasan Indonesia-Timor Leste.</p>

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