Purpose of Review Suicide is a major public health concern and a leading cause of death in the US. Alcohol and opioid use disorders (AUD/OUD) significantly increase risk for suicidal ideation, attempts, and death, and are the two most frequently implicated substances in suicide risk. We provide a brief overview of shared risk factors and pathways in the pathogenesis of AUD/OUD and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. We also review clinical recommendations on inpatient care, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapeutic interventions for people with AUD/OUD and co-occurring suicidal ideation and behavior. Recent Findings Among people with an underlying vulnerability to risk-taking and impulsive behaviors, chronic alcohol intoxication can increase maladaptive coping behaviors and hinder self-regulation, thereby increasing the risk of suicide. Additionally, chronic opioid use can result in neurobiological changes that lead to increases in negative affective states, jointly contributing to suicide risk and continued opioid use. Despite significantly elevated suicide risk in individuals with AUD/OUD, there is a dearth of research on pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for co-occurring AUD/OUD and suicidal ideation and behavior. Summary Further research is needed to understand the effects of alcohol and opioid use on suicide risk, as well as address notable gaps in the literature on psychosocial and pharmacological interventions to lower risk for suicide among individuals with AUD/OUD.

Objectives Meditation practices and the therapeutic interventions that involve them are numerous, heterogeneous, and multidimensional. Despite this, many researchers have noted a tendency for studies of meditation-and mindfulness-based interventions to inadequately describe the interventions themselves, limiting valid comparisons, generalizations, and identification of mediators and moderators of therapeutic change. To address this, we identified and organized features of meditation-based interventions reported in study publications as an initial step toward systematically developing a reporting guideline. Methods A content analysis of 118 meditation-based intervention studies, informed by existing theoretical proposals of key features of meditation practices and interventions. Results Significant variability and inconsistency were found in the reporting of structural features of meditation-based programs as well as descriptions of the practices and activities within them. Based on features' prevalence, co-occurrences, and defining themes, a preliminary Meditation-based Intervention Design (MInD) framework and reporting checklist were developed. Conclusions Findings can inform further development of a reporting guideline and aid in identifying variables of meditation practices and their contexts that are responsible for or influence their effects. This can enhance the quality of research in the field and contribute to improving the effectiveness of meditation-and mindfulness-based interventions.Keywords Meditation . Mindfulness . Interventions . Research reporting guidelines . Content analysis Meditation is a generic term used to describe a wide variety of spiritual, healing, and contemplative practices employed for over 5000 years (Nash et al. 2013;Ospina et al. 2007). There is no consensus definition, although meditation is commonly described as some form of mental training (Eifring 2016;Nash et al. 2013;Ospina et al. 2007). In scientific literature, meditation is generally described as a practice, exercise, or training of awareness or self-, emotion, or attention regulation (Eifring 2016). Meditation may also refer to the states of consciousness or experience that arise during these practices (Nash et al. 2013).Meditation practices are found in many religious traditions, including Judaism, Christianity, Islamic Sufism, and Daoism, but are particularly emphasized in Buddhism and Hinduism (Eifring 2016;Lutz et al. 2007). Types of Buddhist meditations include mindfulness of breathing, foundations of mindfulness, loving-kindness, compassion, contemplation of mortality, meditation on foulness, the six recollections, tantric techniques, and mantra recitation, among others. There are also several meditations specific to Tibetan Buddhist teachings (e.g., Dzogchen, Mahamudra), Zen Buddhism (e.g., Zazen, Shikantaza, Koan), and other Buddhist schools (Dahl et al. 2015;Lutz et al. 2007). Meditation practices from Hinduism include pratyahara (i.e., sense withdrawal), pranayama (i.e., breath regulation), dharana (i.e., con...

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