INTRODUCTION:Nearly 20% of all confirmed pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. Misoprostol's use in early pregnancy failure is varied and dose and route are not well established. AIM: To study the efficacy of sublingual misoprostol in causing expulsion of products of conception in early pregnancy failure. METHODS: Women with an ultrasound diagnosis of early pregnancy failure, less than 12 weeks gestation were included in the study. Tablet Misoprostol 600 mcg was given six hourly sublingually for 3 doses. All observations were noted and analyzed. RESULTS: Mean gestational age was 7.946+1.2 weeks. Mean induction abortion interval was 18.241+1.2 hours. Women with gestational age six to eight weeks had least mean induction-abortion interval time of 17.38+2. Mean dose required was 1564mcg.Efficacy of protocol was 92.85% in achieving complete abortion. CONCLUSION: The regime had 92.85% efficacy, acceptability (90%) and few side effects. Thus by using a lower dose and appropriate interval between two doses (six hours), the side effects were lessened with high efficacy.

Background: Many studies on the prognostic significance of the Yolk sac for the pregnancy outcome have been performed with conventional sonography and more recently with TVS. The results are conflicting. This prospective co relational study is conducted to assess the correlation of first trimester pregnancy outcome using yolk sac measurements and embryonic heart rate. Material & Methods: A Hospital based prospective study done on 100 pregnant women between 6-9 weeks of gestation who were attending the antenatal clinic in

Aim: High cesarean birth rates are an issue of international public health concern. Evidence shows that cesarean section (CS) rates above 15% are not associated with additional reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Robson proposed a new classification system, the Robson 10-group classification system, according to characteristics of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to analyze the CS based on the 10-group classification to evaluate its relevance in our setting. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted over a period of 6 months from January 2015 to June 2015 at a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital. Relevant obstetric information of all women delivered during this period in the labor ward was recorded. The characteristics used were category of pregnancy, previous record of pregnancy, course of labor and delivery, and gestational age. Data were analyzed according to the four obstetric concepts defined by Robson. Results: The total number of women delivered for the period of 6 months was 3,080, with 2,020 vaginal deliveries and 1,060 were by CS. Overall, CS rate calculated was 34.4%. On analysis of CS according to Robson's classification, different rate of each group was calculated, highest number of women were found in group II, followed by group V and then group I. Conclusion: The 10-group classification has made possible comparisons of CS over time in one unit and between different units, in different countries. This helped us estimate our rate for different indications and helped us audit and compare with other referral centers. Clinical significance: By keeping records in Robson's proposed classification, it will be easier to audit, compare, and make suggestions for our CS rates. It will help identify target areas for interventions and resources to reduce CS, which would result in considerable reduction in maternal morbidity, decreased hospital stay, and overall cost effectiveness.

Background: India is the second most populous country in the world having a rapidly growing population which is currently increasing at the rate of 16 million each year. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on females between 15-45 years served as inclusion criteria, while unmarried females were excluded. The women interviewed were informed of the study and consent was taken. The participation was on voluntary basis. Questions regarding factors responsible for non use of contraception were also asked. Results: Out of 100 women, 68 (68.00%) had knowledge about family planning. 63.00% knew about condom, followed by OCPs & other methods. Contraceptive usage in our study was 62.00%. Conclusions: Effort should be made to educate the public about the safety and convenience of modern, long term, reversible methods of contraception among both in health care professional and public. Keyword: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Contraception

Background: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in pregnancy though common often goes undiagnosed till overt U.T.I. occurs. It leads to various maternal and fetal complications. Many factors influence its occurrence. The aim of the study was to evaluate socio-demographic risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Methods: A hospital based observational study done over one year in the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Urine of all the pregnant women was sent for complete microscopy and culture & sensitivity. Socio-demographic profile of all women was noted and data analysed. Results: Of the 450 women included in study, 8.22% had asymptomatic bacteriuria. It was significantly more in the less educated, in those residing in rural and semi-urban areas or belonging to socioeconomic group IV. Conclusion: All pregnant women must be universally screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria. In case it is not feasible, women with high risk factors should be identified and selectively screened.