Purpose: To determine the prevalence of symptoms of computer vision syndrome and to identify its associated factors. The secondary objective was to assess knowledge and practices related to preventing computer vision syndrome symptoms. Methods: The data for this cross-sectional study were collected through a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 713 female undergraduates studying business and medicine in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included computer vision syndrome validated symptoms and factors associated with computer vision syndrome development. Results: The most common symptom due to prolonged computer use was neck or shoulder pain, reported by 82.2% of the subjects. Overall, 66.5% of the subjects suffered from headache and 51.5% from dry eyes, in mild, moderate, or severe form. Business students were 1.6 times as likely as medical students to suffer from computer vision syndrome (odds ratio = 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.22, 2.24). The use of electronic devices for more than 5 h (odds ratio = 1.52; 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.16) was also associated with experiencing computer vision syndrome symptoms. Regarding computer vision syndrome prevention, factors such as hours of use, screen distance, screen brightness, and room illumination showed statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The prevalence of computer vision syndrome symptoms was significantly higher among business students, who reported lower awareness and poor practice measures of computer use recommendations. Relevant awareness campaigns focusing on the appropriate use of computers are highly recommended.

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Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a rare autosomal cornification disorder, with most cases due to a mutation in the transglutaminase-1 (TGM1) gene on chromosome 14. Patients with LI usually present with a collodion membrane and mild erythroderma at birth, with the collodion membranes shedding within the first weeks of life and being replaced by a generalized scale. Typically, LI is managed with oral retinoids, emollients, and keratolytic agents, eg, lactic acid. We report an LI case associated with atopic dermatitis and asthma that showed a marked improvement with dupilumab treatment. This finding is highly significant as it may represent a breakthrough in the treatment of LI, thus more research is needed to investigate the potential benefits of dupilumab for the treatment of ichthyosis, such as the effects observed in our patient.

BACKGROUND: The introduction of biological treatments has revolutionized the management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Multiple clinical trials have established the efficacy of biological agents in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Nevertheless, there are no clear indications for optimal monitoring intervals during treatment. OBJECTIVES: Collect and analyze laboratory evaluation data from patients receiving biological therapy to provide a better understanding of the need for laboratory investigations before and during treatment with biological agents, and to analyze adverse events and other factors. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort SETTINGS: Tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected from the electronic medical records of patients attending the dermatology, rheumatology, and gastroenterology clinics from June 2014 to June 2019. The laboratory parameters of patients who have received one of the TNF-alpha inhibitors (adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab) were collected starting at baseline and up to at least one year from treatment initiation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The time points at which patients developed significantly abnormal laboratory results during treatment with one of the TNF-alpha inhibitors. SAMPLE SIZE: 250 patients RESULTS: Most patients were treated with adalimumab (38.4%); a similar proportion (38%) with infliximab, whereas only 23.6% were treated with etanercept. The majority of the significant abnormal laboratory results occurred at baseline, 3–6 and 9–12 months. Most abnormalities were among patients using infliximab, followed by etanercept, and then adalimumab. The median number of laboratory abnormalities for dermatology patients was significantly lower than that for gastroenterology patients ( P <.001), and for rheumatology patients ( P =.002). CONCLUSIONS: Because dermatology patients showed a lower median number of laboratory abnormalities than patients treated by other specialties in our study, we believe that dermatology patients require less frequent laboratory monitoring. Therefore, we recommend laboratory evaluation at baseline, after 3–6 months, 1 year from the beginning of treatment, and annually thereafter for patients using TNF-alpha inhibitor agents. However, more frequent testing might be warranted according to patient comorbidities, concomitant medications, and physician judgment. LIMITATIONS: Single center and retrospective design. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.