Objectives Pattern separation in memory encoding entails creating and storing distinct, detailed representations to facilitate storage and retrieval. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST; Stark, S. M., Yassa, M. A., Lacy, J. W., & Stark, C. E. [2013]. A task to assess behavioral pattern separation [BPS] in humans: Data from healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 51, 2442–2449) has been used to argue that normal aging leads to pattern separation decline. We sought to replicate previous reports of age-related difficulty on this behavioral pattern separation estimate and to examine its neuropsychological correlates, specifically long-term memory function, executive function, and visual perception. Methods We administered an object version of the MST to 31 young adults and 38 older adults. It involved a single-probe recognition memory test in which some of the originally studied objects had been replaced with perceptually similar lures, and participants had to identify each as old, a lure, or new. Results Despite their corrected item recognition scores being superior to those of the young adults, the older adults had significantly greater difficulty than the young in discriminating the similar-looking lures from the original items. Interestingly, this lure discrimination difficulty was significantly correlated with visual perception rather than with long-term memory or executive function. Discussion These results suggest that although adult age differences on the MST are reliable, care should be taken to separate perceptual from memory discrimination difficulties as the reason.

81 Background: Patients undergoing adjuvant treatment with FOLFOX for colorectal cancer (CRC) are at risk of developing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). We assessed survival outcomes in patients who develop CIN in this setting. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with CRC treated with FOLFOX at our institution in Canada from 2013 to 2015. The survival follow-up cut-off date was August 2021. Demographic, treatment, and outcome data were collected. CIN was defined as ANC <1.5, and all episodes of neutropenia were assumed to be the result of chemotherapy. Median OS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates. Results: A total of 302 patients were included (baseline demographics in the table). Median follow-up was 110 months. In the overall cohort, 174 patients (58%) had at least one episode of CIN. CIN occurred in 56% of those with stage II cancer, 43% of those with low risk stage III cancer (T1-3 and N1), and 45% of those with high risk stage III cancer (T4 or N2). Median time to first CIN event was 4.3 months. Among patients with at least one episode of CIN, the first CIN event occurred during the first 3 months of treatment in 110 (63%). Among patients with at least one episode of CIN, 79 (45%) received subsequent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF). The median OS in the overall cohort was 171 months. For patients with and without CIN the median OS had not been reached, HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.55-1.29, p=0.43). The median OS for patients with CIN treated with and without GCSF had not been reached, HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.57-1.82, p=0.94). The 5-year survival rate for patients with and without CIN was 87% vs 77%. The 10-year survival rate for patients with and without CIN was 70% vs 64%. A trend toward improved survival in those with CIN remained when results were analyzed by cancer stage. Conclusions: Patients with CIN had a trend toward improved survival compared to those who did not have CIN. There was no indication that GCSF in the setting of CIN impacted survival. The causes for the potentially protective effect of CIN in the setting of adjuvant CRC treatment require further elucidation.[Table: see text]

38 Background: Patients undergoing adjuvant treatment with FOLFOX for colorectal cancer (CRC) are at risk of developing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). We assessed the risk of CIN and the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF). Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with CRC treated with FOLFOX at our institution from 2013 - 2015. Demographic and treatment data were collected. CIN was defined as ANC <1.5, and all episodes of neutropenia were assumed to be the result of chemotherapy. Results: A total of 302 patients were included (baseline demographics in Table). In the overall cohort, 174 (58%) of patients had at least 1 episode of CIN. The risk CIN was 47% in stage II, 60% in low risk stage III (T1-3 and N1), and 58% in high risk stage III (T4 or N2). Among patients with at least 1 episode of CIN, the 1st CIN event occurred during the 1st 3 months of treatment in 76%, and the median cycle of 1st occurrence was 4 (95% CI 4-5), which did not differ by stage. Among patients who had at least 1 episode of CIN, 112 (64%) had a 2nd episode at a median cycle of 9 (95% CI 8-10). Among patients with at least 1 episode of CIN, 79 (45%) received subsequent GCSF, initiated 1 cycle after the 1st CIN event 37% of the time. Among patients with at least 2 episodes of CIN (n=112), 58 (52%) received GCSF after the 1st or 2nd event. Of these, 40 patients (69%) started GCSF newly after the 2nd CIN event. Among patients starting GCSF after the 2nd CIN event, 47% initiated GCSF 1 cycle later. The median cycle at which the relative dose intensity of FOLFOX decreased to <85% was cycle 6 (95% CI 5-8) in those with no CIN events, cycle 3 (95% CI 2-4) in those with at least 1 CIN event treated with GCSF, and cycle 5 (95% CI 4-6) in those with at least 1 CIN event treated without GCSF. Conclusions: CIN is a frequent occurrence during the adjuvant treatment of CRC with FOLFOX and most often occurs in the first 3 months of treatment. While oncologists may treat some patients with 3 months of FOLFOX rather than 6, physicians must be aware of CIN regardless of the planned duration of treatment. Early initiation of GCSF may be a consideration. [Table: see text]

Background Self-harm in children and adolescents is difficult to treat. Peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm could lead to biomarkers to guide precision care. We therefore conducted a scoping review of research on peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm in this age group. Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched from January 1980-May 2020, seeking English language peer-reviewed studies about peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm, defined as completed suicide, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, or non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in subjects, birth to 19 years of age. Studies were excluded if only investigating self-harm in persons with intellectual or developmental disability syndromes. A blinded multi-stage assessment process by pairs of co-authors selected final studies for review. Risk of bias estimates were done on final studies. Results We screened 5537 unduplicated abstracts, leading to the identification of 79 eligible studies in 76 papers. Of these, 48 investigated peripheral correlates, and 31 examined neural correlates. Suicidality was the focus in 2/3 of the studies, with NSSI and any type of self-harm (subjects recruited with suicidality, NSSI, or both) studied in 1/3 of the remaining studies. All investigations used observational designs (primarily case-control), most used convenience samples of adolescent patients, predominately female, half of whom were recruited based on a disorder. Over a quarter of the specific correlates were investigated with only one study. Inter-study agreement on findings from specific correlates with more than one study was low for most correlates. Estimates of Good for risk of bias were assigned to 37% of the studies, but the majority of studies were rated as Fair. Conclusions Research on peripheral and neural correlates of self-harm is not sufficiently mature to identify potential biomarkers. Conflicting findings were reported for many of the correlates studied. Methodological problems may have produced biased findings and results are mainly generalizable to patients and girls. We provide recommendations to improve future peripheral and neural correlate research in children and adolescents, ages 3-19 years with self-harm.

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