The interconnected cloud computing paradigm is gaining considerable attention as a fundamental emerging model of cloud computing. It allows a wide range of interactions and collaborations across multiple service providers. Despite the potential advantages of interconnected clouds, establishing trust among participating parties is a challenging issue. In this paper, we introduce a lightweight trust management algorithm based on subjective logic (InterTrust) to promote trust in interconnected clouds. The experimental results demonstrate that InterTrust is capable of producing accurate trust information with significantly low execution time and high scalability compared to application of both the well-established trust management algorithm Trust Network Analysis with Subjective Logic (TNA-SL) and no trust algorithm.

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Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture is increasingly gaining attention as a potential solution for the scalability problem facing the Internet of Things (IoT). It can be adopted for the fog computing layer to sustain the massive flow of data from constrained IoT nodes to the cloud. The success of a P2P-based system is entirely dependent on the continuity of resource sharing among individual nodes. Free riding is a severe problem that contradicts this main principle of P2P systems. It is understood that peers tend to consume resources from other peers without offering any in return. This free riding behavior can decrease system scalability and content availability, resulting in a decline in performance. Significant efforts have been made to hinder this behavior and to encourage cooperation amongst peers. To this end, we propose AFMIA, an Adjusted Free-Market-Inspired Approach that considers resources as goods that have dynamic prices based on the amount of supply and demand. Peers have wealth that can be increased by providing resources and spent by consuming them. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can successfully improve fairness without compromising on success rates.

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Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disease identified by frequent episodes of abdominal pain, bloating and disturbance of bowel habits which are owed to several factors including environmental, stressor, and certain food and medications. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IBS among Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU) students in health and non-health colleges, and to determine its associated factors and impact. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 514 female students of PNU's health and non-health colleges. Participants were selected by simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data including sociodemographic data, Rome IV scale, in addition to risk factors and impact related variables. Results: The prevalence of IBS among PNU students was 31.9%. Health students had higher prevalence as compared to non-health students (36.6% vs 27.2%). Emotional stress and traumatic life events were more commonly reported among students with IBS (p