In contrast to other toxic trace metals, Cr has received little attention. Since valence level of chromium determines its toxicity, chromium is categorized as unique heavy metal. Chromium hexavalent (Cr6+) has the biggest toxicity among other valence levels. Seed germination and seedling growth are sensitive to heavy metal stresses. This research aimed to find out the responses of seed germination and seedling growth of 12 sorghum varieties toward Cr6+. Seed germination and seedling growth experiment was done on 12 sorghum varieties (Badik, UPCA-1, Keris, Keris M3, hegari Genjah, Gambela, Selayer, Sangkur, Mandau, Batari, Kawali, dan Numbu), planted in petridishes with Cr6+ treatment in form of chromate (K2CrO4) and dichromate (K2Cr2O7) compounds with 0, 50 and 500 mg of Cr/l concentration for a week. The parameters measured were the number of seeds germinate each day; the length of radicle and plumule, and fresh and dry weight at the end of experiment. The results showed that higher concentration of Cr6+ both in form of dichromate and chromate, significantly decreased  the length of radicle and plumule, fresh and dry weight, and SVI (seedling vigor index) value. However, index germination (GI) value and percentage of germination of the 12 varieties sorgum significantly increased in the treatment of 50 mg Cr/l Cr6+ in form of dichromate and chromate. The treatment of dichromate compound showed bigger effect than chromate toward variables of seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum. It was noticed that 12 sorghum varieties possessed an integrated complex of adaptation to cope with the range of form of compound and concentration of Cr6+. Based on the responses of seed germination and seedling growth, Kawali, Hegari, Keris, Keris M3, Mandau, and Selayer varieties was more susceptible toward Cr6+ toxicity, and Sangkur, Selayer, Batari, and Numbu was more tolerant than other varieties. Keywords : chromate, dichromate, Sorghum bicolor, seedling, hexavalent chromium

This study is entitled Study of Biofertilizer Types of Grasshopper Pest Intensity on Black Corn (Black Aztec) with the aim to study the types of biological fertilizer on grasshopper pest intensity. which began on November 9, 2019, in Jembangan Hamlet, Gagaksipat Village, Ngemplak District, Boyolali District, Central Java, with a height of 150m (asl). This research uses factorial basic design complete randomized block design (RCBD) arranged in a single factor consisting of 10 treatments 3 replications. From the results of this study were analyzed with the Dancun multiple range test (Duncan Multiple Range Test / DMRT) at a level of 5%. Observations observed included: symptoms of attack, intensity of attacks, fresh weight of cob with skin, fresh weight of stover, weight of 100 seeds. The results of the research show that: (1) Symptoms of locust pest attacks appear evenly on Biotogrow biofertilizers, symptoms of pest attacks begin to appear at the age of 20 days after planting. (2) The treatment of biological fertilizers affects the intensity of pest attacks on maize plants with the highest Biotogrow biofertilizers namely 22.6 and the lowest attacks on Megarizho fertilizers namely 13.8. (3) Megarizho biological fertilizer treatment can reduce locust pest attack,.

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Penelitian ini berjudul Kajian Macam Jarak Tanam Terhadap Intesitas Penyakit Bercak Daun Pada Tiga Macam Varietas Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji macam jarak tanam terhadap intensitas penyakit bercak daun Cercospora Sojina pada tiga varietas kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) yang dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 14 April 2019 sampai 13 Juli 2019, di Dusun Ngalang-ngalangan, Desa Senting, Kecamatan Sambi, Kabupaten Boyolali, Jawa Tengah, dengan  ketinggian tempat 200m (dpl). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Perancangan Dasar Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktorial yang disusun secara Split plot yang terdiri dari 2 faktor perlakuan dengan 9 kombinasi perlakuan yang masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Adapun kombinasi perlakuan sebagai berikut : V1J1, V1J2, V1J3, V2J1, V2J2, V2J3, V3J1, V3J2, V3J3, V menunjukan macam varietas kedelai dan J menjelaskan macam jarak tanam. Data hasil penelitian ini dianalisis dengan uji BNT ( Beda Nyata Terkecil ) pada taraf 5 %, adapun hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : (1) Gejala serangan penyakit bercak daun tampak merata pada varietas Anjasmoro, gejala serangan penyakit mulai muncul pada umur 3 minggu setelah tanam pada varietas Grobogan. (2) Perlakuan tiga macam varietas dan jarak tanam tidak berpengaruh terhadap intensitas penyakit bercak daun. (3) Perlakuan Jarak tanam 30 x 40 cm dengan varietas Grobogan (V1J3) memberikan hasil tertingi pada jumlah polong dengan rata – rata 88,00, berat polong dengan rata – rata berat 60,11 gram, jumlah biji dengan rata – rata 143,56, dan pada berat biji dengan rata – rata berat 16,95 gram.

Dalam teknologi budidaya pertanian terdapat unsur hata yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Salah satu unsur hara yang alami dan mudah mendapatkannya serta banyak tersedia adalah air limbah ampas kopi dan media tanam. Penelitian yang berjudul Pengaruh Limbah Ampas Kopi dan Macam Media terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sorgum di Polybag bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis limbah ampas kopi dan macam media terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sorgum di polybag, dilaksanakan bulan April sampai Agustus 2018, di Green House Fakultas Pertanian UNISRI Mojosongo. Dengan ketinggian tempat 140 mdpl, jenis tanah grumosol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Peubah yang digunakan yaitu Tinggi tanaman, Jumlah daun, Berat segar brangkasan, Berat kering brangkasan, Jumlah biji per malai, Berat 100 biji dan berat kering biji per malai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemberian dosis limbah ampas kopi berpengaruh terhadap berat segar brangkasan dan berat kering biji per malai, Pemberian macam media tanam tidak berpengaruh terhadap semua parameter pengamatan serta tidak terdapat interaksi antara pemberian dosis limbsh ampas kopi dan macam media tanam terhadap semua parameter pengamatan tanaman sorgum Kata kunci : Limbah ampas kopi, media tanam, sorgum, polybag