Clean water plays an essential role in all living things. However, the availability of clean water in Indonesia is insufficient to fulfill the total need for clean water, especially during the dry season. One of the alternative sources of clean water is rainwater. This study aims to understand the characteristics of rainwater in Indonesia as well as the effect of the variations of type, arrangement, and thickness of the simple filter media on the rainwater in Indonesia. A literature study from several studies is conducted regarding the use of rainwater as clean water with filters made from simple media to improve clean water by utilizing gravity filtration technology. The key descriptors used in this review include “rainwater filtration”, “filtration”, “rainwater harvesting” and “media filtration”. The quality standard used in this study is based on the Ministry of Health Regulation No.416/Menkes/Per/IV/1990. Based on the literature, simple filtration technology can significantly reduce some parameters value where the value of efficiency is more than 50% for parameter turbidity, TDS, Pb, arsenic, total coliform, hardness and nitrate. However, it has not been able to reduce the parameter of sulfate, nitrite, chloride, magnesium significantly. The review shows that the filter medium that is effective and easily accessible are gravel, zeolite, activated carbon, sand, cotton, sponges with a total media thickness of 20 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 100 cm, and 105 cm and the time required to perform the filtration is about 10-15 minutes.

Arjosari Village, Kalipare Subdistrict, Malang Regency, experiences drought every year; this makes the villagers buy water when the dry season comes. This research aims to find out how much knowledge of the people of Arjosari Village, Kalipare District, Malang Regency in saving rainwater used as an alternative to fulfil water needs in the dry season. The research method used was a descriptive survey method with a sample of 82 people. Survey studies are "a observe that takes samples from a single population and uses questionnaires as a primary records series tool". The results showed that the community's knowledge of the concept of saving rainwater was "high".Meanwhile, for the public's knowledge of methods of saving rainwater, there were 26 people in the "Low" category, 40 people in the "Medium" category, and 16 in the "High" category. Methods that can save rainwater are the construction of rainwater infiltration wells, bio pure infiltration holes, rainwater harvesting, and appropriate vegetation selection. This education can give the benefits that increase the public knowledge and awareness to conduct groundwater conservation to anticipate the lack of clean water in this area.

Menabung air hujan adalah salah satu upaya untuk mengendalikan kekurangan air dimusim kemarau. Sistem penjernih air hujan menjadi air bersih ini adalah rangkaian kegiatan gerakan menabung air hujan dan menggunakannya kembali untuk konservasi air tanah serta kebutuhan sehari-hari. Desa Arjosari mengalami kekurangan air bersih pada saat musim kemarau, maka dari itu peneliti membuat sistem penjernih air ini dengan memanfaatkan air hujan. Metode yang digunakan adalah tandon air kemudian pipa penjernih yang terdiri dari Zeolit, kerikil, Arang, ijuk dan spoons. Hasil analisa yang telah dilakukan dilaboratorium menggunakan parameter logam metode AAS (atomic absorbance spectrofotometri), parameter anion (spectrofotometer uv vis), dan parameter fisik (water quality checker dan tss meter). Didapatkan rata-rata nilai untuk pH 6,71, TSS 0, TDS 40,3, CaCO3 0, kandungan besi 0,032, Mangan 0,113. Dilihat dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan, hasil yang diperoleh memenuhi persyaratan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 2. 492/Menks/PER/IV/2010. Air tersebut dapat dipergunakan sebagai syarat untuk menggunakan air bersih.

Banyaknya sampah daun di lingkungan Universitas Brawijaya (UB) memberikan peluang penanganan dengan pengomposan sebagai salah satu upaya daur ulang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi teknis pengomposan sampah daun yang dilakukan di UPT Kompos UB dan menentukan rekomendasi teknis pengomposan yang efisien. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan berdasarkan perlakuan eksisting di UPT Kompos UB yaitu tumpukan sampah daun umur 2-3 bulan yang telah dilembabkan dengan perbedaan bahan campuran meliputi tetes tebu 10 ml, EM 4 20 ml (P1), serta tetes tebu 2 l dan fastdec 1 l/ton tumpukan (P2). Karakteristik pengujian diamati selama proses pengomposan dan produk kompos yaitu pH, kadar air, rasio C/N, kadar P, kadar K, dan suhu. Proses pengomposan sampah organik yang dilakukan di UPT Kompos UB terdiri dari penumpukan sampah daun hingga 2-3 bulan, pencacahan, fermentasi, pengayakan, dan pengemasan kompos. Lama proses pengomposan yang diperlukan di UPT Kompos UB adalah 2.5-4 bulan. Karakteristik awal pengomposan yang belum sesuai untuk mencapai kondisi optimum adalah rasio C/N dan kadar air, sedangkan karakteristik akhir pematangan kompos yang belum memenuhi standar SNI adalah kadar K dan rasio C/N untuk P1, sedangkan P2 yang tidak memenuhi standar adalah kadar P serta rasio C/N

Indonesian government has promoted to establish Community Based Waste Management (CBWM) in Indonesia to increase the resource recovery rate and to reduce the amount of landfilling waste in stead of conventional the waste management. In CBWM, recyclable materials are recovered by neighborhood communities and only the residual waste is landfilled. Although CBWM can contribute to the reduction of green house gas emission and conservation of resources, the effectiveness of CBWM on the reduction of waste is an clear due to a lack of detailed information about CBWM such as economic benefit, waste flow and its sustainability. The aims of this study are to identify the waste flow in common CBWM in Indonesia and to evaluate the effectiveness of CBWM for reduction of MSW carried to a landfill site. The TPS3R Dadaprejo Mandiri (DM-TPS) in Dadaprejo Village, Batu City, Indonesia was investigated as a case of CBWM. Waste composition was surveyed for 8 consecutive days on three separate occasions in 2021 and 2022. Each resource was weighed and measured at each step of the process to analyze waste flow. Monthly data summarizing the amount of each resource separated at DM-TPS was obtained from their records. Information about the amount of waste and resources collected by the 13 waste banks was obtained by interviewing the administrators of those waste banks. The amount of waste carried to DM-TPS during the first, second, and third surveys averaged 5.61, 6.65, and 5.40 t/day, respectively. Of the 9 categories of waste, the largest was the organic waste. Fruits and vegetables made up the largest percentage of resources followed by plastic bags. The average resource recovery rate was approximately 15.2%. However, the composition survey revealed that the potential resource recovery rate was approximately 39.5%. In order to increase of resource recovery rate, the corporation of households on simple source separation at home would be required.