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The multiple needs model of justice was used to understand employee reactions to perceived discrimination. In particular, the fulfillment of the three needs discussed in that model-economic, interpersonal, and deontic (ethical)-were tested as consequences of perceived discrimination and as antecedents of job attitudes and turnover intentions. A representative sample of the U.S. workforce (N = 5,605) rated the three needs-fulfillment variables while also rating their perceptions of discrimination, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to leave. The proposed model was supported. This study extends research on perceived discrimination by proposing a role for the multiple needs model of justice through the use of a specific and important role for needs fulfillment. It also extends support for the multiple needs model of justice.

We examined the impact of competition between largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on diet and condition factor of the two species. Data were collected from Paul Lake (a control lake containing only bass) and Peter Lake (an experimental lake to which trout were introduced) (Michigan, USA). We compared diets of 1988 bass and trout in Peter Lake, 1987 and 1988 bass in both Peter and Paul lakes, and 1988 trout and 1987 bass in Peter Lake. Patterns in diet overlap demonstrated with pooled sample methodology could not always be matched with a random individual pairing technique. With the pooled methodologies, we demonstrated a diet composition shift with significant changes in diet diversity and evenness in the Peter Lake bass after the introduction of trout: such bass ate fewer zooplankton (Daphnia spp.) and more odonate naiads than before trout introduction, and their condition factor was reduced. Seasonal divergence in diets between bass and trout was observed. Growth rates of Paul Lake bass did not differ significantly between years, and relative to the experimental lake there were fewer statistically significant dietary differences.

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