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Introduction: Malondialdehyde (MDA) cause toxic stress in cells and form covalent protein and its used as a biomarker to measure the level of oxidative stress. There is opposite mechanism which control the flux of reactive oxygen species (ROS) called as antioxidant system, which includes both enzymatic andnon-enzymatic components. The important enzyme of this system is superoxide dismutase (SOD). The black cumin or Nigella Sativaseeds are used in traditional medicine of different countries. Thymoquinone is major bioactive component of nigellasativa seed and it is the cause of therapeutic property of Nigella sativa seed. The present study is conducted to see the effect of Nigella Sativa seed powder and Thymoquinone on Serum MDA and SOD levels in normal and Streptozotocine Induced Diabetic Rats. Materials and Methods: 36 rats were selected for this study and divided in to 6 groups each contains 6 rats, one group served as normal control, one group served as normal rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/ Kg BW), one groups served as normal rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW), one group served as Streptozotocine(50mg/kg BW) induced diabetic control rats, one group served as diabetic rats received the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg BW) and one groups served as diabetic rats received the Thymoquinone(4mg/kg BW). Results: There is no change in MDA and SOD levels in normal rats treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone. The levels of MDA are increased significantly in diabetic rats compared with normal rats, when the diabetic groups treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone the MDA levels are decreased significantly(p<0.05). The levels of SOD are decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared with normal rats, when the diabetic groups treated with nigella sativa seed powder and thymoqinone the SOD levels are increased significantly. Conclusion:The results of these study concluding that nigella sativa seed powder and thymoquinone has having antioxidant effect in diabetic rats which lowering the MDA levels and increasing the SOD levels in streptozotocine induced diabetic rats.

Variations of venous pattern in the arm are common. In this case report, we present a variation of axillary artery and vein. During routine educational dissections of axillary region, it was observed that a fenestrated axillary vein was perforated by a variant axillary artery in right arm of an old male cadaver. The axillary artery which was fenestrated through axillary vein had only two branches arising from its second part and no branches from its remaining distal parts. The branches are thoraco-acromial (usual) and another large collateral (unusual) branch. This collateral branch is the origin of several important arteries as the subscapular, circumflex scapular, posterior circumflex humeral and lateral thoracic arteries. We propose to name this artery as collateral axillary arterial trunk. The course of this collateral axillary arterial trunk and its branches and also clinical significance of this variation are discussed in the paper. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12494 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 162-164

A field experiment was conducted in a RBD at Horticulture farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur to evaluate the bioefficacy of Imidacloprid 350 SC at 100, 125 and 150 ml/ha against sucking pests of chilli during Kharif, 2013 and 2014. The highest reduction in the population of aphid, jassids and thrips in chilli was recorded in case of two spray of Imidacloprid 350 SC at 150 ml/ha and also recorded highest marketable yield of 161.25 and 164.88 q/ha during 2013 and 2014, respectively. It was found at par to Imidacloprid 350 SC at 125 ml/ha.