BACKGROUNDResistance to beta-lactam antibiotics has become more common in Morganella morganii, which can cause of outbreaks of bacteremia and septicemia in postoperative patients.OBJECTIVEInvestigate drug susceptibility of M morganii, identify the gene responsible for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and explore treatment options.DESIGNDescriptive study.SETTINGHospitals in An Najaf, Iraq.METHODSM morganii isolates were identified based on morphology, biochemical tests and VITEK® 2 compact system using (GN-ID) card. M morganii isolates were subjected to antibiotic resistance tests using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique and an antibiogram was produced. Molecular studies were conducted using the polymerase chain reaction technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE (S)Minimum inhibitory concentration.RESULTSFrom 395 gram-negative bacteria, only 17 isolates M morganii grew on MacConkey agar. M morganii isolates strongly resistant to several antibiotics were considered multidrug resistant. All M morganii isolates were ESBL producers. Four genes (CTX-M, SHV, TEM and OXA) encoding the β-lactamase enzyme were detected. Meropenem and imipenem were highly active against the M morganii isolates.CONCLUSIONSAll isolates showed resistance to most common antibiotics, which limits options for treatment. This study provided useful information for selecting antibiotics to precisely target infections caused by M morganii.LIMITATIONSLimited to antibiotic susceptibility and genotype.

Abstract. Al-Kraety IAA, Al-Muhanna SG, Banoon SR, Ghasemian A. 2022. Bacterial vaginosis pattern and antibiotic susceptibility testing in female patients using high vaginal swabs. Biodiversitas 23: 2838-2844. Bacterial species found in the vaginal environment encompass a wide variety of species. A common cause of vaginal discharge in women is bacterial vaginosis BV (BV). Various Gram-positive and Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria, including E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Raoultella ornithinolytica, and Staphylococcus spp. contribute significantly to bacterial vaginosis. In this study, vaginal swabs (VS) were obtained from 50 individuals with symptoms of vaginal discharge. The swabs were inoculated on blood, Mannitol, and MacConkey agar culture media. Biochemical tests were performed after an overnight incubation period to determine growth and colonial morphology. In addition to VITEK® 2 compact system and PCR technique by using a 16s RNA gene where all bacteria isolates were positive for this gene. Antibiotic sensitivity was investigated through compact VITEK® 2 and sensitivity cards (AST-P580), (AST-N222), and (AST-GN76). The bacterial isolates including 20 (43.4%) of E. coli, 8 (17.3%) of Klebsiella spp. and 8 (17.3%) of Staphylococcus spp. were investigated in present study. Additionally, 4 (8.6%) isolates of Enterobacter spp., 3 (6.5%) of E. faecalis, and 3 (6.5%) of R. ornithinolytica. The E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., E. faecalis and R. ornithinolytica isolates were found resistant to several antibiotics and considered multi-resistance (MDR).

A newly discovered coronavirus, COVID-19, creates a new infectious illness. According to current clinical observations, people's age and gender appear to have a role in their vulnerability to COVID-19. This research aims to see whether there is an association between gender, age, and COVID-19 susceptibility in the public health department of Najaf. The study included 36607 subjects (evenly distributed between sexes), and their ages ranged from (<10 - 80) years. According to the study's findings, males were found to be more infected than females. Results of the research indicated that gender and Covid-19 had a strong correlation. According to the study, people between the ages of 30 and 39 were more common than people of other ages range. The study's findings revealed a significant difference between Covid-19 and the participants' ages. Keywords. Covid-19; Gender; Age; Najaf; Iraq.

Between September to December 2020, thirteen isolates of Proteus mirabilis were recovered among one hundred fifty; MacConkey agar was utilized to purify Gram-negative bacteria isolated from infections of the urinary tract. The primary identification of Proteus mirabilis isolates was relied on “colonial morphology, microscopic examination, and biochemical “tests; however, the confirmation of identification of antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was conducted utilizing an automated VITEK-2 compact system. The result showed that Proteus mirabilis isolates were highly resistant to most antibiotics, making them multi-drug resistant (MDR). Phenotype methods were used to detect AmpC beta-lactamase. Initial and confirmatory methods showed that eight isolates were AmpC producers. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the blaampC gene.