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Nizatidine is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist. This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2,4‐di‐substituted thiazoles. These are the compounds containing a thiazole ring. It inhibits the action of histamine mediated by H2 receptors such as gastric acid and pepsin output and the drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers. This review presents an overview about the different analytical methods for the analysis of Nizatidine and its metabolite in biological fluids, commercial products, and simultaneous estimation of other H2 receptor antagonist in commercial products. The most commonly used analytical method for Nizatidine is high‐performance liquid chromatography. This review also gives information about pharmacokinetics, its application and susceptibility of H2 receptor antagonist to metabolism by gastrointestinal flora.

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Nizatidine is an anti-secretogogue and a gastroprotective drug with a half-life of 1-2 h and is well absorbed in the stomach. This study aimed to optimize the process and develop floating microparticles of nizatidine that are based on low methoxyl pectin. Oil-in-oil dispersion method and Taguchi orthogonal array design were employed, and the prolonged residence time of the microparticles in the stomach was demonstrated. The constraints for independent variables, viz. A-polymer, B-internal solvent volume, C-surfactant, D-stirring rate and E-stirring time were set to generate the experimental runs. Particle size, percentage yield, micromeritic properties, entrapment efficiency, in vitro buoyancy and in vitro release were characterized. Surface morphology, zeta potential, in vitro release kinetics and in vivo floating performance of the optimized formulation was examined. The microparticles were free-flowing, irregular in shape and had a mean particle size distribution of 73-187 μ. Low methoxyl pectin played a predominant role in achieving buoyancy and optimum gastric retention for the modified release of the drug, suggesting Korsmeyer-Peppas model as the possible release mechanism. In vivo radiographic study in rabbits revealed that the drug was retained in the stomach for a period of 6 h. These results indicate that nizatidine floating microparticulate system provides modified drug release for the effective treatment of gastric ulcer.

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