No abstract

The unorganized sector contributes a significant proportion of India's gross domestic product, and a vast majority of households rely on it for their income. However, people working in informal sectors are often poor and at risk of infectious and long-term diseases due to their work and living conditions. Health insurance is essential for individuals in such uncertain and unpredictable circumstances. The government has taken the initiative to provide health insurance to people with low incomes to ensure that they have access to the necessary medical treatment. This study aims to evaluate the performance of various health insurance programs offered by the government to those with low incomes. However, the poor still face obstacles in acquiring access to high-quality medical care due to socioeconomic conditions, social and gender norms, and unfair distribution of healthcare facilities. To address these issues, the central and state governments have launched several government health insurance programs in recent years. The main motive of government health insurance programs is to give people access to good free medical care, but it remains a challenge to set up and manage health insurance, particularly in rural areas. Keywords: Unorganized sector, health insurance, low income, socioeconomic conditions, government health insurance programs, healthcare facilities.

In India close to 26 million women are pregnant at any given time and almost15.6 abortions happen every year, in fact it’s understood that unsafe abortion is the 3rd largest cause for maternal mortality leading to the death of 13 women in a day, when it comes to countries across the globe the situation is not very different, though the maternal mortality rate is less United States alone witnesses 40% of abortion every year, various reasons are attributed for this such as religious, ethical, moral and legal stand of each countries. India has Medical termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 in prevalence to regulate laws on pregnancies and abortions, the current MTP Act allows abortion up till a tenure of 20 weeks and beyond this one has to approach higher courts seeking permission to get pregnancies terminated. Termination of pregnancies in case of rape, incest or medical reasons become difficult in these scenarios and the demand for safe access to abortion becomes a necessity in these conditions as restrictive policies on abortion leads to people opting for clandestine procedures to terminate pregnancies and thereby resulting in increased women mortality, the denial for abortion is also seen as an encroachment on the personal liberty of women as it infringes right to health and right to live which in India is provided by Article 21 of the Constitution. The dissertation is on the topic of abortion laws and how different religious views contribute to formulating laws on abortion and how abortion is perceived in United states and also generally by United Nations. There is an urgent need to decriminalize abortion and regulate it as a standard medical procedure by removing the legal and other restrictions placed on it, there is also a need to ensure adequate health care facilities and cost effective treatments to marginalized population as they are more vulnerable, this dissertation intends to bring out the necessity of liberal abortion policies in this era of liberty and human dignity. Keywords: Abortion, maternal mortality, Medical termination of Pregnancy Act, MTP Act, personal liberty, right to health, right to live, decriminalization of abortion, religious views, United States, United Nations, liberal abortion policies.