Toplumların refahını arttıran unsurların ne olduğuna yönelik iktisadi düşünceler Antikçağ filozoflarından beri sorgulanan bir konudur. Bununla birlikte, Merkantilisitlerin ülkelerin sahip oldukları değerli maden miktarına, Fizyokratların toprağa bağladıkları refah, Sanayi Devrimine paralel olarak Smith'le birlikte ticarete bağlı bir olgu olarak ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu dönemden itibaren geleneksel uluslararası ticaret yaklaşımı çerçevesinde, ülkelerin mevcut kaynakları ile yapacakları ihracat hacimlerinin yüksek olması, ülkelerin büyüme ve gelişmelerine olumlu katkı sağlayan bir unsur olarak görülmeye başlanmıştır. Buna karşılık artık ülkelerin ihracat yapılarının kompleksite derecesi sürdürülebilir büyümenin itici gücü olarak görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmada OECD kurucu ülkeleri açısından, ekonomik kompleksite düzeyi ile kişi başına düşen GSYH düzeyi arasındaki ilişki 1990-2016 dönemi için incelenmektedir. Panel eşbütünleşme analizinin yapıldığı çalışma bulguları panelin geneli için iki değişken arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki ortaya koymazken; birimler için Avusturya, Kanada, Yunanistan, İrlanda ve ABD için pozitif ve Norveç için negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu sonucunu vermektedir.

The present study aims to indicate whether structural transformation has provided enhancement for the disadvantaged parts of society in terms of gender or whether it has been implemented at the expense of social inequalities in 10 BEM (Big Emerging Market) economies (Argentina,

The role of energy for the developmental process of nations is a known fact due to being crucial input for any phase of production of goods and services. That’s the reason why countries that are rich in energy resources also have strategic power in terms of the international trade of these resources. On the other hand, it becomes important to provide energy security for countries that are resource-poor. Although green energy has become preferred one, fossil fuel energy keeps its place as one of the most used energy resources. That's why in this study it is aimed to determine major providers and users of coal as a type of fossil fuel energy resources. It is vital to investigate the structure of global coal trade structure to determine the weaknesses and strength of supply and use of coal. Network approach provides a holistic view to the system analyzed and presents more realistic (high-degree) indicators to analyze it. In this study, global trade network of coal is analyzed from 2000 to 2017 via network analysis. Changing structure and evolution of global coal trade has been revealed via some topological parameters which are specific to complex networks such as density, clustering, assortativity/disassortativity, centrality and degree distribution.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relation between countries' structural transformation and institutional factors. The causality relationship between 'economic complexity level' representing structural transformation and six institutional indicators revealed by the World Bank (government effectiveness, political stability, control of corruption, rule of law, regulation quality, voive and accountability) was investigated via Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test for both E-7 and G-7 countries for the period of 1996-2017. The research question of the study is that whether there is a difference among developed and developing countries in terms of the interaction and causal relationship among institutional indicators and economic performance. On this purpose, E-7 country group is selected to represent developing countries whereas G-7 community is selected to represent developed one. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that institutional factors in E-7 countries comprised of developing countries displayed greater causality relationships with economic complexity level representing structural transformation in comparison with G-7 countries. Besides, causal relationships among institutional indicators themselves are also greater in E-7 countries than G-7 countries. This finding suggests that economic performance of developing countries are more sensitive to institutional structure in comparison to developed ones. That's why developing countries are required to pay more attention to institutional factors with greater rigorously.

In today's globalized world, economic activities are performed beyond the physical boundaries of countries. It can be seen as increasing activities such as trade of goods, financial flows and trade of intermediate goods. Network analysis, that has been used to analyze formations of complex systems recently, is frequently used to investigate these global economic relations. In this context, international trade networks, financial networks and global production networks (input-output networks) are some of the fields that are analyzed in an interdisciplinary way. In this study, it is aimed to analyze interbank cross-border flows at country-level by applying network analysis. Thus, we expect to investigate the systemic importance and vulnerabilities of countries in international banking sector by applying HITs algorithm from 2006 to 2015. HITs algorithm has an advantage since it takes second order adjacencies of countries into consideration. As a consequence of the analysis, it will be possible to see the effects of global and Eurozone crises on systemic importance and vulnerabilities of countries.