Objective - The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of Oxystelma esculentum (MEOE).Methods- The total antioxidant, reducing power, DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and total phenol content in MEOE was carried out.Results - The total antioxidant activity of MEOE increases with increasing concentration. The reducing capability and free radical scavenging activity in DPPH also increased in a dose dependent manner. The MEOE was found to scavenge the superoxide generated by PMS/NADH/NBT system. Moreover, MEOE was found to inhibit the nitric oxide radical generated from sodium nitropruside. MEOE was also found to inhibit the hydroxyl radical generated by Fe3+/ascorbate/EDTA/H2O2 system. The MEOE scavenges the hydrogen peroxide in a dose dependent manner. The amount of total phenolic compounds was also determined.Conclusion - The results suggest that the methanol extract of Oxystelma esculentum proved its strong antioxidant activity and can be used as a natural antioxidant.

This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant potential of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora Mich. (Verbenaceae) (MELN). The different antioxidants assays, including total antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide scavenging, and total phenolic content, were studied. MELN exhibited potent total antioxidant activity that increased with increasing amount of extract concentration (50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL), which were compared with standard drug α-tocopherol (400 µg/mL). The different concentrations of MELN and α-tocopherol showed inhibition of 49.07%, 58.96%, 63.07%, 68.29%, and 74.59%, respectively, on peroxidation in linoleic acid emulsion. In addition, MELN had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging activity, and total phenolic content depending on concentration. These various antioxidant activities were compared with standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, catechin, and α-tocopherol.

Objective: In Indian traditional medicine, decoctions from different parts of Stereospermum suavelolens are used for the treatment of various human diseases including diabetes mellitus. The present study was aimed to evaluate ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract from Stereospermum suavelolens for nephroprotective effects in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by sub acute model. Methods:The STZ induced diabetic rats were treated once daily, orally with ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suavelolens for 14 days at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The serum and urine renal function parameters-creatinine, urea, uric acid, albumin and total proteins were measured on 15 th day. The in vivo antioxidant activity of Stereospermum suavelolens was also evaluated in diabetic rats. Effects of the fraction treatments on the kidney histological profile in STZ nephrotoxic rats were also evaluated. Results:The present study investigation showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suavelolens significantly (P<0.001) attenuated elevations in the serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid and total proteins in diabetic treated rats as compared with diabetic control rats. Significant (P<0.001) increase in Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) levels and reduction in Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) levels were also observed in ethyl acetate fraction treated rats kidney. The histopathological study of kidney in drug treated rats shows significant protective effect against STZ oxidative stress. Conclusion:Our study concludes that the ethyl acetate fractions of Stereospermum suavelolens possess potent nephroprotective effect against oxidative stress in STZ induced diabetic rats.

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SUMMARYThe methanol extract of the root of Artanema sesamoides Family Scrophuilariaceae (MEAS) was investigated for possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animals. Three models were used to study the extract effects on nociception, which were acetic acid-induced writhing response, hot-plate method and the tail flick test in mice. The antiinflammatory effects were evaluated using carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin induced rat paw oedema (acute) and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. Results of the study revealed that the extract exhibited significant (P < 0.001) analgesic effect at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w p.o in mice in all the models. In acute model, the MEAS also exhibited significant (P < 0.001) antiinflammatory effect in all the above mentioned doses. In chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the MEAS 200 mg/kg and indomethacin 10 mg/kg showed that inhibition of granuloma formation 25.0% and 47.7% respectively (P < 0.001). The MEAS and indomethacin were effectively preventing the transudation of the fluid. Thus, the present study revealed that the methanol extract of the root of Artanema sesamoides exhibited significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activity.