An activatable fluorescent probe from indocyanine was developed for the detection of tumor-enriched γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γGT). The probe exhibited a dramatic fluorescence enhancement (F/F 0 = 10) as well as a bathochromic shift (>100 nm) upon the treatment of γGT with a low limit of detection of 0.15 unit/L and was further successfully applied as a sensitive probe for γGT in the mouse model of colon cancer.

An activated Michael acceptor type of probe by an intramolecular hydrogen bond has shown a selective fluorescence turn-on response to cyanide through a conjugated addition of the nucleophilic anion to the enone probe with a 1300-fold increase in its fluorescence intensity.

A mitochondria-targeting ratiometric probe was designed for γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γGT). Mechanistic study by HPLC and an inhibitor assay showed that the probe underwent γGT-mediated amide-to-amine transformation and induced a ratiometric fluorescence response in cellular mitochondria. Further application was successful for the detection of cancerous colons in mice.

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