The paper reviews challenges associated with designing of equipment required to implement the selected technology of penetration into Subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica. It describes the design process of inertial mechanical reamer, which is required for one of the stages of the proposed penetration technology. The initial design of the reamer was developed, manufactured and tested in Borehole 5G during the seasonal shift period of the 62nd Russian Antarctic Expedition (December 2016 – January 2017). Based on the test results the reamer design was critically reviewed, enhanced and subsequently tested in Borehole 5G during the seasonal shift period of the 63rd Russian Antarctic Expedition (December 2017 – January 2018). Tests of the improved design of the mechanical reamer confirmed that the adopted design solutions are correct.

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-The paper reviews a key issue concerned with development of technologies and technical means required for investigation of subglacial lakes in Antarctica and Lake Vostok in particular, which would secure environmental safety of the operations. The main objectives of the research activities reviewed in the paper was to justify design concepts of the equipment to be used for penetration into Subglacial Lake Vostok and to develop a pulling-and-running gear required for such penetration. Reviews of research publications and a patent search confirmed that neither the standard designs nor advanced developments of pulling-and-running gears are suitable for the proposed technology of penetration into Subglacial Lake Vostok. A fundamentally new and patent-protected design of the pulling-and-running gear was developed in agreement with the defined specifications. The developed penetration technology into the subglacial lake as well as the pulling-and-running gear design for its implementation not only secure the environmental safety of survey execution, but also meet a number of key requirements. These requirements include stability of the borehole interval filled with the lake water, prevention of the delivery vehicle freezing on to its walls, reliability and trouble-free operation of all arrangements and systems used to deliver the research tools and instruments into the lake.

Abstract-Relevance of the research: The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the condition for the use of computer technologies in design requires an analytical interpretation of existing constructive ways of shaping products of complex shape. Development of the general analytical model of nonconventional systems of projection and their projecting surfaces applicable in computer technologies makes a current problem. Since screw motion is one of the most "technological" movements after the translational and rotational motion, the problem of computer-aided design of screw surfaces is relevant. Relevance of the problem The central and parallel projection due to the fact that at their application the straight line is mapped onto any plane of projections of a straight line, they have the most widespread use. We will call them traditional. The purpose of traditional systems is the graphic modelling of three-dimensional objects by their projections, at least on two planes making the system of projections.Recently in application-oriented geometry many non-traditional systems of projection are introduced. Emergence of non-traditional systems is caused by need for graphical representation and research of specific objects, in particular, the surfaces formed by the family of rays of the corresponding system, projecting the presented line. Such systems can be classified by type of the ray and by determinant of the system itself, which would provide the passage of one ray through an arbitrary point of the area of space defined for it. In this case, the concept of a projecting ray extends to a planar or three-dimensional curve. In case of systems with rectilinear