Seeds of hard wheat (Triticum durum) were treated by pulse pressure (PP), generated by shock wave. Protein content was determined by spectroscopy in the nearest infrared point of the spectrum (NIR). HPLC was used for determining glucose level in samples. Moisture of control seeds was 14.2%. It was not changed in PP 11 MPa samples and was decreased by PP 29 MPa (12.8%); that indicated the damage of seeds. Protein content in control sample was 16.5%. The index was not changed by PP 11 MPa (16.9%), but it increased under PP 29 MPa (17.2%) due to the degradation of starch and relative elevation of protein level. Glucose content in PP 11 MPa samples was less than the control level, probably, due to the acceleration of amino-carbonyl reaction. PP 29 MPa promoted the increase of glucose content due to non-enzymatic starch hydrolysis activation. Thus PP 11 MPa made minor damages without the accumulation of glucose, but PP 29 MPa promoted the ageing due to the accumulation of glucose.

The paper presents experimental data on the measurement of the electrokinetic potential of various soils by electrophoresis and flow potential taking into account the surface conductivity. The convergence of the results for the two methods is 10–12 %. The electrokinetic potential for zonal soils is 2.5–3 times lower than in solonets. Zeta potential of 20–24 mV is characteristic of chernozem, and this provides black soil with good agronomic properties. It is shown that below 20 mV for gray forest, sodpodzolic and podzolic soils, the colloids are in an unstable state, easily destroyed by acid hydrolysis, do not create a good soil structure. Above 24 mV, the soil colloids become stable sols, which determines the high dispersion of the soil, the poorмstructurality of the soil aggregates, and low water permeability. It is proposed to use the value of the ξ-potential in determining the degree of solonetsousness of saline soils, selection of ameliorants doses, to assess diagnostic indicators of the state of soil colloids. The best dose improver is the dose that can be calculated from the coagulation threshold of soil particles and with the most developed electric double layer, which is characterized by the maximum value of the ξ-potential of solonets suspensions. Dosing ameliorants should be carried out at a certain soil / water ratio: for multi-sodium solonets – 1/50; for low-sodium 1/30.

Variants of the compositions of a series of placers for visually blister colorimetric determination of phosphate ion concentrations in a blister cell (tablet for tablets) containing a mixture of reagents are proposed. The placers allow quantitative determination of the phosphate concentration in various objects without preliminary preparation of reagent solutions. The application of reagents to the surface of silica gel makes it possible to isolate all reagents until a chemical reaction occurs. The composition and conditions of deposition of crystalline substances – reagents capable of providing a sufficiently high acidity with the addition of a few drops of a solution and an optimal reducing agent for blister conditions were optimized. The visual colorimetric reaction is carried out under conditions when the volume of the added solution is 0.1–0.2 ml.