Fundamental inefficiency of existing foam fire systems extinguishing tanks with oil and petroleum products having a volume of 5000 m3 or more is shown by methods of mathematical modeling. The required foam supply intensity and foam supply rate allowing effective fire suppression in large tanks with a volume of up to 20000 m3 are theoretically predicted. On this basis of theoretical conclusions, a new method of foam fire extinguishing in large fuel tanks has been developed. To obtain the required intensities and supply rates, fire extinguishing foam is formed in a special container with the use of solid-fuel gas generators. The theoretical predictions were confirmed in 21 full-scale successful experiments, in which fire suppresion system based on the new method was able to extinguish a fully developed gasoline fire in tanks with a volume of 5000 m3 and 20 000 m3 just for 30-90 seconds. The required amount of the foaming agent to extinguish a fire in a 20 000 m3 tank is only 450 liters, which is at least 100 times less than for traditional foam fire fighting Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

The article is devoted to the confiscation of private vessels of foreign nationals during the First World War. Cases of confiscation of small vessels by the metropolitan river Police and the Baltic Fleet are considered. Special attention is paid to the distribution of confiscated vessels. Information is given that yachts and boats were sent to the Naval School and other naval units in need. Among the requests for the transfer of confiscated vessels, it is necessary to highlight the requests received from the Baltic fleet submarine connection, the naval artillery unit of the Kroonstad fortress, the commandant of the premise fortress and the transport flotilla of the black sea fleet. The article examines the prerequisites and reasons for the confiscation of small-sized floating vehicles and German and Austrian subjects. The article analyzes the cases of return of the vessel to a russian citizen of finnish origin after confiscation. The relationship between the events of the First World War and changes in the activities of Russian aristocratic yacht clubs is traced. The author studies the history of domestic sports organizations and Russian history in the early twentieth century. In addition, the organization of Russian sports organizations in the early twentieth century is considered. Russian imperial yacht clubs were rather reluctant to give small vessels belonging to foreign subjects to the official authorities. As a result, the Metropolitan River Police and the Baltic Fleet confiscated sailing and motor vessels owned by German and Austro-Hungarian citizens from aristocratic yacht clubs.

In the context of a social and cultural situation of post-industrial society, and also in a social political situation of “the transformed society” the article examines the problem of an involvement and degree of the last in the processes happening in the organization. Authors suggest to look at system of relations from social and psychological interrelation between a corporate and organizational culture. Relevance of this consideration is caused by the fact that in cases of the small and growing organizations there is no side between organizational and corporate cultures owing to their formation. Using system approach, authors consider a corporate culture in the conditions of modern service that means from a line item of quality characteristics of the product received “at the exit”. On the example of activities of research university authors come to a conclusion that the corporate culture represents the system characteristic of the organization, creating service level as service qualities. In this sense transition on new education forms at the higher school predetermines new features and, in general, understanding of education as system of educational services. Improvement of training methods in view of a strong competition among higher education institutions for students are caused not by cynical conditions of crisis of education and culture, but by the real social and economic, and also demographic situation. All parameters of activity of the organization are connected among themselves and with the product, – in this case –with the result of training. So, fixed professional growth creates a favorable competitive environment in the organization for the staff of higher education institutions that promotes the fixed growth of advanced training (including defense of theses and getting degree etc.).

No abstract

PURPOSE. The paper examines the issue of switching to hydrogen as motor fuel in terms of fire and explosion safety. Taking into account the peculiarities of various hydrogen storage methods, the specifics of emergency situations development and insufficiency of the existing methods of passive and active fire and explosion protection for vehicles running on the given gas are discussed. METHODS. Analysis of available scientific data on hydrogen as motor fuel storage methods used in transport has been carried out. An assessment of the possibility to use a nitrogen fire engine for the described options for ensuring explosion safety has been made. FINDINGS. The insufficiency of existing methods for passive and active fire and explosion protection of vehicles running on hydrogen has been shown. To solve the identified issues, it is proposed to use a nitrogen fire engine to create local gaseous extinguishing environment around a hydrogen-powered damaged vehicle, as well as portable toximeters to control atmosphere explosion risk. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results are applicable to ensure fire and explosion safety of vehicles and transport infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS. It is shown that the existing methods of passive and active fire and explosion protection for hydrogen-powered vehicles do not fully ensure their fire and explosion safety. In fire departments tactics in relation to such objects, actions under the threat of explosive hydrogen-air environment have not been worked out, there are no methods of mobile assessment for hydrogen level in the atmosphere. One of the options for ensuring explosion safety of hydrogen-air environment can be using a nitrogen fire engine to create local gaseous extinguishing environment around a hydrogen-powered damaged vehicle. Portable toximeters can be used to quickly determine hydrogen level in the atmosphere, which allow getting quick results and controlling potential environment hazard by combustible substance concentration.