BackgroundProlonged fasting increases organic response to trauma. This multicenter study investigated the gap between the prescribed and the actual preoperative fasting times in Brazilian hospitals and factors associated with this gap.MethodsPatients (18–90-years-old) who underwent elective operations between August 2011 and September 2012 were included in the study. The actual and prescribed times for fasting were collected and correlated with sex, age, surgical disease (malignancies or benign disease), operation type, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, type of hospital (public or private), and nutritional status.ResultsA total of 3,715 patients (58.1% females) with a median age of 49 (18–94) years from 16 Brazilian hospitals entered the study. The median (range) preoperative fasting time was 12 (2–216) hours, and fasting time was longer (P<0.001) in hospitals using a traditional fasting protocol (13 [6–216] hours) than in others that had adopted new guidelines (8 [2–48] hours). Almost 80% (n=2,962) of the patients were operated on after 8 or more hours of fasting and 46.2% (n=1,718) after more than 12 hours. Prolonged fasting was not associated with physical score, age, sex, type of surgery, or type of hospital. Patients operated on due to a benign disease had an extended duration of preoperative fasting.ConclusionActual preoperative fasting time is significantly longer than prescribed fasting time in Brazilian hospitals. Most of these hospitals still adopt traditional rather than modern fasting guidelines. All patients are at risk of long periods of fasting, especially those in hospitals that follow traditional practices.
The combination of haloperidol, dexamethasone, and ondansetron reduced PONV and the necessity of rescue antiemetics and also reduced morphine consumption and the volume of fluids infused postoperatively.
ResumoEm 1995, foi identificada epidemia comunitária de hepatite B entre colonos agrícolas recentemente assentados em Cotriguaçu, noroeste de Mato Grosso. Houve campanha de vacinação nos municípios da região. Nos anos seguintes, manteve-se a estratégia de vacinar a população e os migrantes que continuaram chegando àquele município. Em 2001, foi realizado novo inquérito sorológico de marcadores da hepatites B com o objetivo de avaliar a magnitude do problema e o impacto das medidas tomadas previamente. A comunidade de Nova União foi escolhida por ser a área de maior atração de migrantes a partir do final da década de 90. Foram estudados 838 indivíduos, encontrando-se 40,0% já infectados pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB), 2,1% de portadores do vírus e 40,8% protegidos por vacinação. A maioria dessa população era composta de migrantes vindos de Rondônia. Entre os portadores do VHB, 28,0% tinham marcadores de hepatite D. As variáveis associadas à infecção pelo VHB foram: atividade sexual; etilismo; contato com caso de hepatite; e ter vivido em garimpo. Esse padrão de moderada prevalência é diferente do observado em 1995, ocasião em que se evidenciou alta prevalência. Observou-se associação do VHB com aumento da idade e com início da atividade sexual. Como a migração para aquela área continua intensa, recomenda-se que a atual estratégia de vacinação continue. Especial atenção deve ser dedicada à progressiva entrada do vírus da hepatite Delta (VHD) na região.
Oral intake of 2 L of 0.9% saline results in minimal variations in serum albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit when compared to IV infusion of the same volume.
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