This study has been carried out with the aim of analyzing and comparing problem solving skills of the students taking or not taking tennis education. Total 80 university students, 40 of whom taking tennis education and 40 of whom not taking these education have participated on the basis of volunteering.
SummaryObesity, a disorder of body composition, is defined by a relative or absolute excess of body fat. In general adult population, obesity has been associated with a diverse array of adverse health outcomes, including major causes of death such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, as well as functional impairment from problems such as osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Ghrelin is a newly discovered peptide hormone which plays an important role in obesity. It is a powerful, endogenous orexigenic peptide and has a crucial function in appetite regulation, as well as short -and long-term energy homeostasis. In the presence of increased obesity, decreased physical activity, and high food consumption, the relationship between exercise, appetite, food intake and ghrelin levels has important implications. In this review, we discuss the effect of acute and chronic exercise performance on appetite, food intake and ghrelin and their relationships.
İştah, besin alımını etkileyerek enerji dengesine etki eder. İştah mekanizması çeşitli dokulardan salgılanan hormonlar ile regüle edilir. Peptid YY, glukagon benzeri peptid 1, kolesistokinin, pankreatik polipeptid, oxyntomodulin, amilin, leptin gibi hormonlar besin alımıyla uyarılarak iştahı baskılarken ghrelin ve glukagon gibi hormonlar ise besin alımıyla inhibe olup, açlık durumunda uyarılarak iştahın artmasına neden olurlar. Egzersiz, iştah hormonlarına olan etkisi ile iştah mekanizmasında rol alabilir. Bununla birlikte, yanıtlarda bireyler arasında büyük bir değişkenlik vardır. Bu makale alışılmış fiziksel aktivite, beden kütle indeksi, cinsiyet, egzersiz şiddeti, süresi, türü ve egzersiz öncesi besin alımının egzersize bağlı iştahı ve iştahla ilgili hormon yanıtlarını nasıl değiştirdiğine ilişkin kanıtları gözden geçirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Çalışma; veri taraması için ”exercise and appetite”, “exercise and appetite hormones”, “physical activity and appetite” anahtar sözcüklerini kullanarak PRİSMA yöntemi ile PubMed arama motorunda yer alan son beş yılda yapılmış güncel insan çalışmalarını ele almaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları beden kütle indeksi, alışılmış fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz şiddetinin akut veya kronik egzersiz testlerinde iştahı önemli ölçüde değiştirmediğini göstermektedir. Ancak egzersiz süresinin, türünün, egzersiz öncesi besin alımının ve farklı cinsiyetlerin egzersize yanıtlarının farklı olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu bireysel özellikler ve davranışlar ile egzersiz yapmanın iştahla ilişkili hormon tepkileri üzerindeki etkisi belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Egzersizin iştah ve iştah hormonları üzerine olası etkilerini belirlemek için gelecekte daha kapsamlı kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
This study aimed to investigate acute effects of table tennis (physical+cognitive exercise), aerobic running (physical exercise), and chess (cognitive exercise) exercise sessions of veteran male athletes in their branches on the serum homocysteine (Hcy), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol (Cor) levels. Thirty veteran athletes [10 table tennis players (TT), 10 long-distance runners (LR), 10 chess players (CP)] and 10 sedentary controls (SC) between 50 and 65 years of age participated in the study. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise to determine serum Hcy, IGF-1, and Cor levels. According to their branch, each veteran athlete performed exercise sessions (70-75% of the participants' heart rate reserve) of 10-min of warm-up followed by 40-min of table tennis, aerobic running, or chess. TT and LR groups demonstrated significant increases in the serum IGF-1, Cor, and Hcy levels from pre to post-exercise (p<0.05). In contrast, the CP group showed significant increases only in the serum Hcy levels (p<0.05). Serum IGF-1 and Hcy, in response to exercise, were not significantly different between exercise groups (p>0.05). LR group had a greater serum Cor increase than all exercise groups (p<0.05). The TT group showed significantly greater changes in serum Cor levels than the CP group (p<0.05). In conclusion, although a single bout of aerobic running and table tennis exercise induces a remarkable increase in all measured biomarkers, chess exercise only elicits an increase in Hcy levels. Although aerobic running is more effective in increasing Cor levels than other types of exercise, the current study's findings suggest that serum Hcy and IGF-1 levels in veteran male athletes are not affected by the type of exercise.
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