AMAÇMaksillofasiyal kırığı bulunan hastalar, bu travmaya eşlik eden kafa travması geçirme konusunda yüksek risk altın-dadırlar. Bu hastalarda kafa travmasının erken anlaşılma-sı hastanın sağkalımı ve iyileşmesi için kritik öneme sahiptir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEMOcak 2006 ile Eylül 2009 tarihleri arasında hastanemizin acil servisine maksillofasiyal kırık nedeniyle gönderilen 246 hastanın kayıtları geriye dönük olarak tarandı. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, maksillofasiyal travmanın nedeni, tipi, yerleşimi ve kafa travması analiz edildi. BULGULARHastaların yaşlarının ortalaması 23,61±16,75 idi (%83,3 erkek, %16,7 kadın). Kraniyal yaralanma maksillofasiyal travmalı 38 hastada gözlendi. Hastalar arasında tek yüz kemiği kırığı bulunanlarda kafa travması riski çoklu kırıklı hastalara göre 3,44 kat daha az gözlenirken (p<0,001), yüz kemiği çoklu kırılan hastalarda kafa travması geçirme riski anlamlı derecede artmıştı (p<0,001). İçinde nazal kemik, maksiller kemik, mandibular kemik ve frontal bölge kırığı bulunan hastalarda kafa travması riski önemli derecede artmıştı (p<0,05 her bir grupta). SONUÇÇoklu yüz kemik kırığı bulunan hastalarda klinik bulguları olmasa dahi kafa travması yönünden araştırılmaları gerekir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Maksillofasiyal travma; kafa travması; yüz kemik kırığı.

Purpose This is a descriptive analysis, of victims of Turkey's October 23, 2011 and November 21, 2011 Van earthquakes. The goal of this study is investigated the injury profile of the both earthquakes in relation to musculoskeletal trauma.Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 3,965 patients admitted to in seven hospitals. A large share of these injuries were soft tissue injuries, followed by fractures, crush injuries, crush syndromes, nerve injuries, vascular injuries, compartment syndrome and joint dislocations. A total Conclusions The results of this study may provide the basis for future development of strategy to optimise attempts at rescue and plan treatment of survivors with musculoskeletal injuries after earthquakes.

Aim: To understand opinions of health professionals who work in emergency services about the application of basic concepts, such as triage, ethics, legal rules, to popularize problems they experience while they are providing health services after natural disasters, and to develop suggestions. Materials and Methods:In order to evaluate health service problems, a questionnaire tool was formulated regarding triage and ethics applications. The questionnaire was given to 133 emergency service workers with and without earthquake experiences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with statistical significance set at p<0.001. The frequency distributions were taken into account and chi square test was performed to understand the differences between employees who had experienced earthquakes and those who had not. Results:In the survey, 57.7% of participants were male and 42.3% were female. The mean age of the participants' was 29.8 years; 16.8% of them worked in the university hospital, 77.4% in the state hospital, and 5.8% in private hospitals. Of the participants, 51.1% were doctors, 43.1% were nurses, and 5.8% were emergency medical technicians; 48.2% of participants had experienced an earthquake and 52.6% had not. In addition, 27% of the participants had to consult regarding triage; 37.2% on triage and legal rules; 31.4% on triage, laws, and ethics; and 4.4% on triage and ethical principles. Conclusion:The results show that triage and legal regulations play an essential role in resource allocation and medical service presentation, while ethical principles are less considered in medical services after natural disasters. Inclusion of ethical training in natural disaster medicine education and its enhancement through regular rehearsals are essential. (Eurasian J Emerg Med 2015; 14: 107-12)

Our study demonstrated that acute ischemic stroke patients have increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant enzymes activities. These findings indicated that an imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant status might play a role in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke.

Trace elements are essential components of biological structures, but alternatively, they can be toxic at concentrations beyond those necessary for their biological functions. Changes in the concentration of essential trace elements and heavy metals may affect acute hemorrhagic stroke. The aim of this study was to measure serum levels of essential trace elements [iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg)] and heavy metals [cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)] in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. Twenty-six patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke and 29 healthy controls were enrolled. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (UNICAM-929) was used to measure serum Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Mn and Mg concentrations. Serum Cd, Pb and Fe levels were significantly higher in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke than controls (p < 0.001), while serum Cu, Zn, Mg and Mn levels were significantly lower (all p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to serum Co levels (p > 0.05). We first demonstrate increased Cd, Pb, and Fe levels; and decreased Cu, Zn, Mg, and Mn levels in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. These findings may have diagnostic and prognostic value for acute hemorrhagic stroke. Further studies are required to elucidate the roles of trace elements and heavy metals in patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke.