Near‐ and short‐wave IR emission spectra of printed cotton/nylon blend fabrics coated with inorganic compounds in order to tune their diffuse reflectance behavior to the ones with woodland and desert backgrounds are investigated. In this regard, cotton/nylon blend fabrics printed with a four‐color digital pattern were used as the substrate, and different concentrations of zirconium and cerium dioxide (ZrO2 and CeO2) with and without citric acid as a cross‐linker were loaded on these fabrics using the pad‐dry‐cure method. The diffuse reflectance of the coated fabrics with various concentrations of nanoparticles and a cross‐linker was first measured by near‐infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Then, fabrics with an optimum concentration of nanoparticles and appropriate reflectivity profiles similar to woodland and desert were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), washing, and rubbing fastness properties. In general, NIR and short‐wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance of fabrics coated with ZrO2 and CeO2 nanoparticles in range of 1% to 1.5% (w/v [%]) was suitable for matching with different environments. According to the findings obtained from the durability test, it was concluded that the washing fastness of the treated fabrics with CeO2 nanoparticles was excellent in both environments. FE‐SEM images of the treated fabrics containing ZrO2 and CeO2 indicated that the presence of nanoparticles on the surface of fabrics in woodland patterns was greater than the desert ones. However, the coated fabrics with CeO2 and citric acid in the woodland pattern have shown better dispersion with a mean particle size of 30 to 60 nm.

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Regenerated silk fibers were fabricated through dry-wet spinning process using N-methyl morpholine N-oxide and methanol as solvent and coagulant, respectively. Several concentrations of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) (0.5, 0.75 and 1% (v/v)) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (5, 15, 55, 95 and 135 ppm) were used as antibacterial agents. Antibacterial property of bio-fibers produced by either master batch or dipping process methods was compared to each other against a gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aurous. Master batch process was indicated the dependency of antibacterial effect on the concentration of antibacterial agents as well as particle size. Maximum bactericidal activity in this process was obtained at concentrations of 55 ppm of AgNPs and 1% (v/v) of PHMB. The result from dipping process showed that various concentrations of PHMB can greatly influence on the results; the interaction of 55 ppm AgNPs and 0.75% of PHMB offered good inhibition effect with the least amount of color change on bio-fibers.