In this paper, the first bio-nano colloid including manganese oxide nanoparticles and copper nanocomplex in the presence of Amaranthus spinosus as one unwanted plant was prepared (Mn 3 O 4 /CuL bio-nanocolloid). As-prepared bio nanocolloid was analysed completely by different techniques such as FT-IR, ICP-AES, SEM, EDX, TEM and elemental analysis to have the size, structure, morphology and elements in this compound. This bio-nanocolloid showed high catalytic activity towards green oxidation reactions of alcohols using hydrogen peroxide under solvent free conditions. The longevity, easy and practical recoverability of the solid catalyst was also confirmed for six times. The natural starting material for a long-term stability catalyst preparation, using ideal oxidant (H 2 O 2), solventless and easy work up show the great potential in scalability for actual industries applications.

Technetium-99m (99Tc) is widely used as a radionuclide for labeling of biomolecules in nuclear medicine practice. 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid namely HYNIC is one of the best bifunctional chelating agents for attachment of 99mTc to the biomolecules such as peptides and proteins. Since HYNIC can only occupy one or two coordination sites of 99mTc, co-ligands are needed to complete the coordination sphere of the technetium. Selection of co-ligands can be impressive on the stability, lipophilicity and biodistribution of 99mTc-HYNIC conjugated peptides. The aim of this review was to explain the chemical and biological effects of various co-ligands on characteristics of 99mTc-HYNIC conjugates for tumor or diseases imaging.

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Introduction: Natural products can be used as radioprotector agents because of containing phenolic compounds and several flavonoids with antioxidant properties. When the normal cells are exposed to ionizing radiation, they generate free radicals and reactive oxygen species that can cause damage in DNA, which leads to cellular dysfunction or even cell death. However, it is necessary to identify new radioprotective agents to protect normal cells. Ferulago angulata (F.angulata), a medicinal plant, can be used as a new radioprotective agent. Purpose: The antioxidant activity of F.angulata was assayed using FRAP and DPPH methods. Then, the human blood samples were incubated with F.angulata at different concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 μM) and subsequently exposed to IR at a dose of 2Gy. The radioprotective effectof F.angulata on the exposed cells was assessed by micronucleus (MN) method. Also, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the exposed cells were evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) methods. Methods: The antioxidant activity of F.angulata was assayed using FRAP and DPPH methods. Then, the human blood samples were incubated with F.angulata at different concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 μM) and subsequently exposed to IR at a dose of 2Gy. The radioprotective effectof F.angulata on the exposed cells was assessed by micronucleus (MN) method. Also, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the exposed cells were evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) methods. Results: Our findings showed that F. angulata reduced the frequency of MN induced by IR in exposed cells. At 200μM concentration of F. angulata, maximum reduction in the frequency of MN (63.11%) was observed that demonstrated a high degree of radioprotection. Afterward, pretreatment at 200μM concentration of F.angulata inhibited oxidative stress in irradiated lymphocytes, leading to a reduction in MN frequency and MDA levels while SOD activity was enhanced in the exposed cells. Conclusion: F. angulata as a natural radioprotective agent can protect normal cells against reactive oxygen species and genetic damage induced by IR.

Amongst all types of cancers, breast cancer is recognized as the most common cancer and a principal cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways are primarily activated in cancer cells and activate a signaling network called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Many tumors, by activating the UPR pathway, allow to adapt and grow under stressful conditions. UPR is usually inactive in non-tumor cells, while it is active in tumor cells, so it is appropriate to develop new breast cancer therapies. A protein that regulates UPR is 78 KDa Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78). Usually, the GRP78 level in the cell is relatively low but increases significantly under stresses that affect the ER and calcium homeostasis, and increases resistance to chemotherapy. GRP78 drug suppressors could provide promising anticancer therapeutics. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of GRP78 in cancer and identifying drugs that target GRP78 is essential for the treatment of breast cancer. In this review, we investigate the role of GRP78 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.