BackgroundChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a mature B-cell neoplasm characterized by the expansion of CD5-positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood. While CLL is the most common type of leukemia in Western populations, the disease is rare in Africans. Hence, clinical and laboratory data and studies of CLL in Sub Saharan populations have been limited. The aims of this study were to analyze the characteristics of senegalese patients with CLL at the time of the diagnosis and to identify the correlation between clinical characteristics (Binet stage) with age, gender, laboratory parameters and chromosomal abnormalities.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the clinical and laboratory characteristics of CLL in Senegal. A total of 40 patients who had been diagnosed with CLL during the period from July 2011 to April 2015 in Senegal were evaluated. Cytology and immunophenotype were performed in all patients to confirm the diagnosis. The prognosis factors such as Binet staging, CD38 and cytogenetic abnormalities were studied. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 13 (Stata college station Texas). Each patient signed a free and informed consent form before participating in the study.ResultsThe mean age was 61 years ranged from 48 to 85. There were 31 males and only 9 females (sex ratio M : F = 3,44). At diagnosic, 82.5 % of the patients were classified as having advanced Binet stages B or C. The prognosis marker CD38 was positive in 28 patients. Cytogenetic abnormalities studied by FISH were performed in 25 patients, among them, 68 % (17 cases) had at least one cytogenetic abnormality and 28 % had 2 simultaneous cytogenetic abnormalities.ConclusionAfricans may present with CLL at a younger age and our data suggest that CLL in Senegal may be more aggressive than in Western populations.
IntroductionThis report documents a rare case of Chryseobacterium indologenes urinary tract infection in Senegal. Chryseobacterium indologenes is an uncommon human pathogen reported in hospital outbreaks in Taiwan and there have been some sporadic cases reported in Europe and in the USA mainly from immune-suppressed patients.Case presentationThis case report describes a 42-year-old woman of Wolofa ethnicity who was hospitalized in our Department of Internal Medicine in a Senegalese university teaching hospital, with acute leukemia who died of severe sepsis 10 days following her hospitalization. A strain of Chryseobacterium indologenes isolated from her urine sample was resistant to several beta-lactams including ampicillin (minimum inhibitory concentrations ≥256μg/mL), cefotaxime (minimum inhibitory concentrations 32μg/mL) and imipenem (minimum inhibitory concentrations ≥32μg/mL), whereas it was susceptible to piperacillin (minimum inhibitory concentrations 16μg/mL), cefepime (minimum inhibitory concentrations 4μg/mL), ceftazidime (minimum inhibitory concentrations 4μg/mL), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (minimum inhibitory concentrations ≤0.25μg/mL) and all tested quinolones including nalidixic acid (minimum inhibitory concentrations ≤2μg/mL).ConclusionsChryseobacterium indologenes although uncommon, is an important pathogen causing infection in hospitalized patients. The management of this infection needs better identification, drug susceptibility testing and monitoring of immunosuppressed patients with long hospitalizations.
Le myélome multiple (MM) ou maladie de Kahler est une prolifération maligne monoclonale plasmocytaire se développant dans la moelle osseuse avec la production d'une immunoglobuline (Ig) monoclonale. L'objectif de cette étude est de décrire la présentation clinique du MM dans un service de médecine interne. Patients et méthode : Il s'agit d'une étude descriptive réali-sée sur une période de huit ans au CHU Aristide-Le-Dantec de Dakar (Sénégal). Était inclus dans l'étude, tout patient présentant des critères biologiques, cytologiques ou histologiques de MM. Résultats : L'âge moyen au moment du diagnostic était de 55,7 ans. Sur le plan clinique, un syndrome osseux était retrouvé dans 69 % des cas, des fractures pathologiques dans 30,9 % des cas. Sur le plan paraclinique, une anémie était observée chez 57,7 % des malades, l'hyperprotidémie était notée chez 48,3 % des malades, une hypercalcémie était observée dans 69 % des cas et une insuffisance rénale était retrouvée dans 28,6 % des cas. L'électrophorèse des protéines sériques avait mis en évidence un pic au niveau des gammaglobulines dans 55 % des cas. Dans les urines, on notait l'existence des chaînes légères de type lambda dans 80 % des cas et de type kappa dans 20 % des cas. Conclusion : Le tableau clinique du myélome dans nos régions est bruyant, avec des complications présentes dès le diagnostic. Cette présentation clinique reflète la lenteur diagnostique et donc de la prise en charge de cette pathologie. Pour citer cette revue : J. Afr. Cancer 3 (2011). Mots clés Myélome multiple · Présentation clinique · SénégalAbstract The multiple myeloma (MM) or Kahler disease is a clonal malignant proliferation of plasmocytes in bone marrow with monoclonal immunoglobulin proliferation. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical presentation of MM in the Department of Internal Medicine of Dakar (Senegal). Patients and method: It is a descriptive study conducted over a period of eight years. Any patient who presented with biological, cytological, or histological criteria of MM was included in the study. Results: The average age at diagnosis was 55.7 years. Clinically, bone syndrome was found in 69% of the cases, and pathological fractures in 30.9% of the cases. Paraclinically, anemia was found in 57.7% of the patients, hyperprotidemy in 48.3%, hypercalcemia in 69%, and kidney disease in 28.6% of the cases. Electrophoresis of serum protein had revealed a high level of gammaglobulins in 55% of the cases. In urine samples, we noted the existence of light chains of lambda type in 80% and kappa type in 20% of cases. Conclusion: Clinical presentation of MM in Dakar showed that complications were present at the diagnosis; it reflects slow diagnosis and thus the management of the disease. To cite this journal: J. Afr. Cancer 3 (2011).
IntroductionLes thérapeutiques innovantes du myélome multiple sont peu accessibles en Afrique subsaharienne. Le but de cette étude est de décrire les particularités diagnostiques et évolutives observées dans notre pratique de prise en charge des myélomateux.MéthodesUne étude rétrospective (2005 - 2016) descriptive à visée analytique, mené à l’hôpital Le Dantec (Sénégal) a concerné les myélomateux inclus selon les critères de l’International Myeloma Working Group (2003, 2014).RésultatsOnt été colligés 136 dossiers (69 hommes, 67 femmes) de patients d’âge moyen 59 ans ± 10,1 ans et qui ont un âge inférieur à 65 ans dans 69,1% des cas. Les signes révélateurs ont été des douleurs osseuses (96,3%), une insuffisance rénale (36,8%), une infection (23,5%), une fracture pathologique (17,6%), une compression médullaire (16,9%), et une hypercalcémie maligne (16,2%). L’isotype a été IgG dans 61,3% des cas et Kappa dans 65% des cas. Les malades ont été classés stade III (59,4%) et I-II (40,6%) de l’index staging system. Sous traitement conventionnel (Méphalan-Prédnisone: 67,6%, innovant: 5,9%), la survie médiane a été de 20 mois (1-78 mois). La survie est meilleure, en l’absence de complications neurologiques, infectieuses et au score I-II de l’Index Staging System.ConclusionDans notre étude, le myélome multiple est fréquemment diagnostiqué avant 65 ans, au stade de forte masse tumorale. La survie globale peut être améliorée par un dépistage précoce et un accès aux thérapeutiques adéquates.
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