Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are gram-positive bacteria that are rod or round in shape, do not form spores, and do not have cytochromes. LAB can be isolated from fermented food products. LAB is useful to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria so that they are potential antibacterial sources. The purpose of this study was to isolate LAB from the traditional food Dali Ni Horbo, continued with characterization, antimicrobial testing, and sensitivity testing towards several antibiotics. From the results of the study, the number of colonies obtained was 2.4 x 107 CFU/mL. 6 isolates were randomly selected, coded as isolates UPDH1, UPDH2, UPDH3, UPDH4, UPDH5, UPDH6, respectively. Biochemical characterization showed that the isolates were gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria.  Results of antibiotic sensitivity testing using 6 antibiotics, namely amoxicillin (AML), erythromycin (E), oxacillin (OX), ofloxacin (OFX), cefotaxime (CTX), and gentamicin (CN), showed that all the isolates were resistant to CTX. The UPDH1 isolate was resistant to AML and OX. The UPDH3, UPDH5, and UPDH6 isolates were resistant to AML, and the UPDH4 isolate was resistant to E, OFX, CTX, CN, and OX. Antimicrobial tests used the disk diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The UPDH2 isolate, gave an inhibition zone of 6.7 mm, and UPDH5 and UPDH6 gave inhibition zones of 7.6 mm and 8.5 mm respectively, against E. coli. Microbial inhibition tests against S. aureus by UPDH1, UPDH2, UPDH5 and UPDH6 gave inhibition zones of 13.5 mm, 9.0 mm, 12.1 mm and 12 mm respectively. From the results in this research it can be concluded that the traditional food Dali Ni Horbo is a potential source of probiotics.

This research aims to develop MONOTIKA learning media (Monopoly Mathematics) and test the feasibility of MONOTIKA learning media (Monopoly Mathematics) in algebraic materials for middle school students. The learning development model is the ADDIE design model. This study's sources of needs analysis are SMP Negeri 126 and SMP Negeri 209 east Jakarta area. Data collection techniques used are teacher interviews and polling stations. Validation of the development of this learning media between 2 validators is material experts and media experts and students response usage if MONOTIKA media is used in schools. This media trial was conducted on 41 students in grades 7 G and 7 H at SMP Negeri 209 Jakarta. This study showed that MONOTIKA (Monopoly Mathematics) obtained a total average score for all aspects of all is 4.50 material expert validity and 4.28 valid expert media, which is an average media that deserves good both as a learning medium. Student poll results showed an average score of 4.47, which the average student gave responsibility for positive MONOTIKA (Monopoly Mathematics). Thus, the results of the development of MONOTIKA (Monopoly Mathematics) learning media for junior high school students in grade VII are valid and eligible for use.

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Metode pembelajaran yang masih berpusat pada guru menyebabkan rendahnya aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa di kelas, banyak siswa yang belum paham mengenai materi yang diajarkan di kelas terlebih jika guru tidak memberikan tugas tambahan. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dengan memodifikasi model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dengan strategi pembelajaran tugas dan paksa. Untuk memberikan suatu motivasi bagi guru dalam mengemas pembelajaran yang kreatif dan inovatif, sehingga menjadikan kegiatan pembelajaran yang menarik dan tidak monoton. Agar dapat tercapai maka dilakukan modifikasi antara model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dengan strategi pembelajaran tugas dan paksa. Numbered Heads Together (NHT) merupakan suatu sistem kerja atau belajar kelompok yang terstruktur, yakni saling ketergantungan positif, tanggung jawab individual, interaksi personal, keahlian bekerjasama dalam proses berkelompok. Sedangkan Strategi tugas dan paksa merupakan strategi pembelajaran yang berlandaskan pada tugas yang dibebankan guru untuk siswa sesuai keadaannya dengan target pengumpulan tugas tersebut. Jika siswa tidak mengerjakan tugas tersebut maka ada konsekuensi yang harus dikerjakan oleh siswa yang bersangkutan sesuai dengan perjanjian antara guru dengan siswa. Strategi ini digunakan untuk melengkapi kekurangan yang dimiliki oleh model numbered head together pada aspek pembelajaran. Modifikasi metode ini dapat membuat siswa menjadi lebih mandiri, disiplin, dan bertanggung jawab. Kata Kunci: Model pembelajaran, kooperatif, Numbered heads together (NHT), Strategi pembelajaran Tugas dan Paksa